# Dynamics (U+E520–U+E54F)

Glyph | Description | Glyph | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
 | U+E520 (and U+1D18F) dynamicPiano Piano |  | U+E521 (and U+1D190) dynamicMezzo Mezzo
 | U+E522 (and U+1D191) dynamicForte Forte |  | U+E523 (and U+1D18C) dynamicRinforzando Rinforzando
 | U+E524 (and U+1D18D) dynamicSforzando Sforzando |  | U+E525 (and U+1D18E) dynamicZ Z
 | U+E526 dynamicNiente Niente |  | U+E527 dynamicPPPPPP pppppp
 | U+E528 dynamicPPPPP ppppp |  | U+E529 dynamicPPPP pppp
 | U+E52A dynamicPPP ppp |  | U+E52B dynamicPP pp
 | U+E52C dynamicMP mp |  | U+E52D dynamicMF mf
 | U+E52E dynamicPF pf |  | U+E52F dynamicFF ff
 | U+E530 dynamicFFF fff |  | U+E531 dynamicFFFF ffff
 | U+E532 dynamicFFFFF fffff |  | U+E533 dynamicFFFFFF ffffff
 | U+E534 dynamicFortePiano Forte-piano |  | U+E535 dynamicForzando Forzando
 | U+E536 dynamicSforzando1 Sforzando 1 |  | U+E537 dynamicSforzandoPiano Sforzando-piano
 | U+E538 dynamicSforzandoPianissimo Sforzando-pianissimo |  | U+E539 dynamicSforzato Sforzato
 | U+E53A dynamicSforzatoPiano Sforzato-piano |  | U+E53B dynamicSforzatoFF Sforzatissimo
 | U+E53C dynamicRinforzando1 Rinforzando 1 |  | U+E53D dynamicRinforzando2 Rinforzando 2
 | U+E53E (and U+1D192) dynamicCrescendoHairpin Crescendo |  | U+E53F (and U+1D193) dynamicDiminuendoHairpin Diminuendo
 | U+E540 dynamicMessaDiVoce Messa di voce |  | U+E541 dynamicNienteForHairpin Niente (for hairpins)
 | U+E542 dynamicHairpinParenthesisLeft Left parenthesis (for hairpins) |  | U+E543 dynamicHairpinParenthesisRight Right parenthesis (for hairpins)
 | U+E544 dynamicHairpinBracketLeft Left bracket (for hairpins) |  | U+E545 dynamicHairpinBracketRight Right bracket (for hairpins)
 | U+E546 dynamicCombinedSeparatorColon Colon separator for combined dynamics |  | U+E547 dynamicCombinedSeparatorHyphen Hyphen separator for combined dynamics
 | U+E548 dynamicCombinedSeparatorSpace Space separator for combined dynamics |  | U+E549 dynamicCombinedSeparatorSlash Slash separator for combined dynamics

## Recommended stylistic alternates

Glyph | Description | Glyph | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
 | uniE520.ss01 dynamicPianoSmall Piano (small staff) |  | uniE521.ss01 dynamicMezzoSmall Mezzo (small staff)
 | uniE522.ss01 dynamicForteSmall Forte (small staff) |  | uniE523.ss01 dynamicRinforzandoSmall Rinforzando (small staff)
 | uniE524.ss01 dynamicSforzandoSmall Sforzando (small staff) |  | uniE525.ss01 dynamicZSmall Z (small staff)
 | uniE526.ss01 dynamicNienteSmall Niente (small staff) |  |

## Implementation notes

Scoring applications should draw crescendo and diminuendo hairpins using primitives rather than dynamicCrescendoHairpin and dynamicDiminuendoHairpin in order to provide variable width, line thickness, angle and aperture.

Ligatures should be defined for common combinations of dynamics, such as . Special attention should be paid to kerning pairs for these glyphs.

Scoring applications may choose to draw dynamics either using multiple glyphs (e.g. 3 x dynamicForte for ) or using the pre-composed glyph (e.g. 1 x dynamicFFF for ).