using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace GlobalHook {
    public static partial class HookManager {
        #region Windows constants

        //values from Winuser.h in Microsoft SDK.
        /// <summary>
        /// Windows NT/2000/XP: Installs a hook procedure that monitors low-level mouse input events.
        /// </summary>
        private const int WH_MOUSE_LL = 14;

        /// <summary>
        /// Windows NT/2000/XP: Installs a hook procedure that monitors low-level keyboard  input events.
        /// </summary>
        private const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13;

        /// <summary>
        /// Installs a hook procedure that monitors mouse messages. For more information, see the MouseProc hook procedure. 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WH_MOUSE = 7;

        /// <summary>
        /// Installs a hook procedure that monitors keystroke messages. For more information, see the KeyboardProc hook procedure. 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WH_KEYBOARD = 2;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_MOUSEMOVE message is posted to a window when the cursor moves. 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_MOUSEMOVE = 0x200;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_LBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the left mouse button 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x201;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_RBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the right mouse button
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_RBUTTONDOWN = 0x204;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_MBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the middle mouse button 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_MBUTTONDOWN = 0x207;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_LBUTTONUP message is posted when the user releases the left mouse button 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x202;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_RBUTTONUP message is posted when the user releases the right mouse button 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_RBUTTONUP = 0x205;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_MBUTTONUP message is posted when the user releases the middle mouse button 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_MBUTTONUP = 0x208;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK message is posted when the user double-clicks the left mouse button 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x203;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK message is posted when the user double-clicks the right mouse button 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x206;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_RBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the right mouse button 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x209;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_MOUSEWHEEL message is posted when the user presses the mouse wheel. 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_MOUSEWHEEL = 0x020A;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_KEYDOWN message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when a nonsystem 
        /// key is pressed. A nonsystem key is a key that is pressed when the ALT key is not pressed.
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_KEYUP message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when a nonsystem 
        /// key is released. A nonsystem key is a key that is pressed when the ALT key is not pressed, 
        /// or a keyboard key that is pressed when a window has the keyboard focus.
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_KEYUP = 0x101;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_SYSKEYDOWN message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when the user 
        /// presses the F10 key (which activates the menu bar) or holds down the ALT key and then 
        /// presses another key. It also occurs when no window currently has the keyboard focus; 
        /// in this case, the WM_SYSKEYDOWN message is sent to the active window. The window that 
        /// receives the message can distinguish between these two contexts by checking the context 
        /// code in the lParam parameter. 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_SYSKEYDOWN = 0x104;

        /// <summary>
        /// The WM_SYSKEYUP message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when the user 
        /// releases a key that was pressed while the ALT key was held down. It also occurs when no 
        /// window currently has the keyboard focus; in this case, the WM_SYSKEYUP message is sent 
        /// to the active window. The window that receives the message can distinguish between 
        /// these two contexts by checking the context code in the lParam parameter. 
        /// </summary>
        private const int WM_SYSKEYUP = 0x105;

        private const byte VK_SHIFT = 0x10;
        private const byte VK_CAPITAL = 0x14;
        private const byte VK_NUMLOCK = 0x90;

        #endregion

        #region Windows function imports

        /// <summary>
        /// The CallNextHookEx function passes the hook information to the next hook procedure in the current hook chain. 
        /// A hook procedure can call this function either before or after processing the hook information. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="idHook">Ignored.</param>
        /// <param name="nCode">
        /// [in] Specifies the hook code passed to the current hook procedure. 
        /// The next hook procedure uses this code to determine how to process the hook information.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="wParam">
        /// [in] Specifies the wParam value passed to the current hook procedure. 
        /// The meaning of this parameter depends on the type of hook associated with the current hook chain. 
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="lParam">
        /// [in] Specifies the lParam value passed to the current hook procedure. 
        /// The meaning of this parameter depends on the type of hook associated with the current hook chain. 
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// This value is returned by the next hook procedure in the chain. 
        /// The current hook procedure must also return this value. The meaning of the return value depends on the hook type. 
        /// For more information, see the descriptions of the individual hook procedures.
        /// </returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookfunctions/setwindowshookex.asp
        /// </remarks>
        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto,
            CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
        private static extern int CallNextHookEx(
            int idHook,
            int nCode,
            int wParam,
            IntPtr lParam);


        /// <summary>
        /// The SetWindowsHookEx function installs an application-defined hook procedure into a hook chain. 
        /// You would install a hook procedure to monitor the system for certain types of events. These events 
        /// are associated either with a specific thread or with all threads in the same desktop as the calling thread. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="idHook">
        /// [in] Specifies the type of hook procedure to be installed. This parameter can be one of the following values.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="lpfn">
        /// [in] Pointer to the hook procedure. If the dwThreadId parameter is zero or specifies the identifier of a 
        /// thread created by a different process, the lpfn parameter must point to a hook procedure in a dynamic-link 
        /// library (DLL). Otherwise, lpfn can point to a hook procedure in the code associated with the current process.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="hMod">
        /// [in] Handle to the DLL containing the hook procedure pointed to by the lpfn parameter. 
        /// The hMod parameter must be set to NULL if the dwThreadId parameter specifies a thread created by 
        /// the current process and if the hook procedure is within the code associated with the current process. 
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="dwThreadId">
        /// [in] Specifies the identifier of the thread with which the hook procedure is to be associated. 
        /// If this parameter is zero, the hook procedure is associated with all existing threads running in the 
        /// same desktop as the calling thread. 
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// If the function succeeds, the return value is the handle to the hook procedure.
        /// If the function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.
        /// </returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookfunctions/setwindowshookex.asp
        /// </remarks>
        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto,
            CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern int SetWindowsHookEx(
            int idHook,
            HookProc lpfn,
            IntPtr hMod,
            int dwThreadId);

        /// <summary>
        /// The UnhookWindowsHookEx function removes a hook procedure installed in a hook chain by the SetWindowsHookEx function. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="idHook">
        /// [in] Handle to the hook to be removed. This parameter is a hook handle obtained by a previous call to SetWindowsHookEx. 
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.
        /// If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.
        /// </returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookfunctions/setwindowshookex.asp
        /// </remarks>
        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto,
            CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern int UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook);



        /// <summary>
        /// The ToAscii function translates the specified virtual-key code and keyboard 
        /// state to the corresponding character or characters. The function translates the code 
        /// using the input language and physical keyboard layout identified by the keyboard layout handle.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="uVirtKey">
        /// [in] Specifies the virtual-key code to be translated. 
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="uScanCode">
        /// [in] Specifies the hardware scan code of the key to be translated. 
        /// The high-order bit of this value is set if the key is up (not pressed). 
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="lpbKeyState">
        /// [in] Pointer to a 256-byte array that contains the current keyboard state. 
        /// Each element (byte) in the array contains the state of one key. 
        /// If the high-order bit of a byte is set, the key is down (pressed). 
        /// The low bit, if set, indicates that the key is toggled on. In this function, 
        /// only the toggle bit of the CAPS LOCK key is relevant. The toggle state 
        /// of the NUM LOCK and SCROLL LOCK keys is ignored.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="lpwTransKey">
        /// [out] Pointer to the buffer that receives the translated character or characters. 
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="fuState">
        /// [in] Specifies whether a menu is active. This parameter must be 1 if a menu is active, or 0 otherwise. 
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// If the specified key is a dead key, the return value is negative. Otherwise, it is one of the following values. 
        /// Value Meaning 
        /// 0 The specified virtual key has no translation for the current state of the keyboard. 
        /// 1 One character was copied to the buffer. 
        /// 2 Two characters were copied to the buffer. This usually happens when a dead-key character 
        /// (accent or diacritic) stored in the keyboard layout cannot be composed with the specified 
        /// virtual key to form a single character. 
        /// </returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/userinput/keyboardinput/keyboardinputreference/keyboardinputfunctions/toascii.asp
        /// </remarks>
        [DllImport("user32")]
        private static extern int ToAscii(
            int uVirtKey,
            int uScanCode,
            byte[] lpbKeyState,
            byte[] lpwTransKey,
            int fuState);

        /// <summary>
        /// The GetKeyboardState function copies the status of the 256 virtual keys to the 
        /// specified buffer. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="pbKeyState">
        /// [in] Pointer to a 256-byte array that contains keyboard key states. 
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.
        /// If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. 
        /// </returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/userinput/keyboardinput/keyboardinputreference/keyboardinputfunctions/toascii.asp
        /// </remarks>
        [DllImport("user32")]
        private static extern int GetKeyboardState(byte[] pbKeyState);

        /// <summary>
        /// The GetKeyState function retrieves the status of the specified virtual key. The status specifies whether the key is up, down, or toggled 
        /// (on, offlternating each time the key is pressed). 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="vKey">
        /// [in] Specifies a virtual key. If the desired virtual key is a letter or digit (A through Z, a through z, or 0 through 9), nVirtKey must be set to the ASCII value of that character. For other keys, it must be a virtual-key code. 
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The return value specifies the status of the specified virtual key, as follows: 
        ///If the high-order bit is 1, the key is down; otherwise, it is up.
        ///If the low-order bit is 1, the key is toggled. A key, such as the CAPS LOCK key, is toggled if it is turned on. The key is off and untoggled if the low-order bit is 0. A toggle key's indicator light (if any) on the keyboard will be on when the key is toggled, and off when the key is untoggled.
        /// </returns>
        /// <remarks>http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms646301.aspx</remarks>
        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]
        private static extern short GetKeyState(int vKey);

        #endregion
    }
}
