/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 */

package railo.commons.collection;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Set;

import railo.aprint;
import railo.runtime.exp.PageException;
import railo.runtime.type.Collection.Key;
import railo.runtime.type.KeyImpl;

public class HashMapPro<K,V>
    extends AbstractMapPro<K,V>
    implements Map<K,V>, MapPro<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable
{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;

    /**
     * The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two.
     */
    public static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 32;

    /**
     * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified
     * by either of the constructors with arguments.
     * MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30.
     */
    static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;

    /**
     * The load factor used when none specified in constructor.
     */
    static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;

    /**
     * The table, resized as necessary. Length MUST Always be a power of two.
     */
    transient Entry<K,V>[] table;

    /**
     * The number of key-value mappings contained in this map.
     */
    transient int size;

    /**
     * The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor).
     * @serial
     */
    int threshold;

    /**
     * The load factor for the hash table.
     *
     * @serial
     */
    final float loadFactor;

    /**
     * The number of times this HashMap has been structurally modified
     * Structural modifications are those that change the number of mappings in
     * the HashMap or otherwise modify its internal structure (e.g.,
     * rehash).  This field is used to make iterators on Collection-views of
     * the HashMap fail-fast.  (See ConcurrentModificationException).
     */
    transient int modCount;

    /**
     * The default threshold of map capacity above which alternative hashing is
     * used for String keys. Alternative hashing reduces the incidence of
     * collisions due to weak hash code calculation for String keys.
     * <p/>
     * This value may be overridden by defining the system property
     * {@code jdk.map.althashing.threshold}. A property value of {@code 1}
     * forces alternative hashing to be used at all times whereas
     * {@code -1} value ensures that alternative hashing is never used.
     */
    static final int ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD_DEFAULT = Integer.MAX_VALUE;

    /**
     * holds values which can't be initialized until after VM is booted.
     */
    private static class Holder {

            // Unsafe mechanics
        /**
         * Unsafe utilities
         */
        static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;

        /**
         * Offset of "final" hashSeed field we must set in readObject() method.
         */
        static final long HASHSEED_OFFSET;

        /**
         * Table capacity above which to switch to use alternative hashing.
         */
        static final int ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD;

        static {
            String altThreshold = java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction(
                    "jdk.map.althashing.threshold"));

            int threshold;
            try {
                threshold = (null != altThreshold)
                        ? Integer.parseInt(altThreshold)
                        : ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD_DEFAULT;

                // disable alternative hashing if -1
                if (threshold == -1) {
                    threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                }

                if (threshold < 0) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("value must be positive integer.");
                }
            } catch(IllegalArgumentException failed) {
                throw new Error("Illegal value for 'jdk.map.althashing.threshold'", failed);
            }
            ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD = threshold;

            try {
                UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
                HASHSEED_OFFSET = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(
                    HashMapPro.class.getDeclaredField("hashSeed"));
            } 
            catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                throw new Error("Failed to record hashSeed offset", e);
            }
            catch (SecurityException e) {
                throw new Error("Failed to record hashSeed offset", e);
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * A randomizing value associated with this instance that is applied to
     * hash code of keys to make hash collisions harder to find.
     */
    transient final int hashSeed = Hashing.randomHashSeed(this);

    /**
     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
     * capacity and load factor.
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity
     * @param  loadFactor      the load factor
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
     *         or the load factor is nonpositive
     */
    public HashMapPro(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
                                               initialCapacity);
        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
                                               loadFactor);

        // Find a power of 2 >= initialCapacity
        int capacity = 1;
        while (capacity < initialCapacity)
            capacity <<= 1;

        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
        threshold = (int)Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
        table = new Entry[capacity];
        //useAltHashing = sun.misc.VM.isBooted() && (capacity >= Holder.ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD);
        init();
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the specified initial
     * capacity and the default load factor (0.75).
     *
     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative.
     */
    public HashMapPro(int initialCapacity) {
        this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the default initial capacity
     * (16) and the default load factor (0.75).
     */
    public HashMapPro() {
        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new <tt>HashMap</tt> with the same mappings as the
     * specified <tt>Map</tt>.  The <tt>HashMap</tt> is created with
     * default load factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to
     * hold the mappings in the specified <tt>Map</tt>.
     *
     * @param   m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map
     * @throws  NullPointerException if the specified map is null
     */
    public HashMapPro(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        this(Math.max((int) (m.size() / DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR) + 1,
                      DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY), DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
        putAllForCreate(m);
    }

    // internal utilities

    /**
     * Initialization hook for subclasses. This method is called
     * in all constructors and pseudo-constructors (clone, readObject)
     * after HashMap has been initialized but before any entries have
     * been inserted.  (In the absence of this method, readObject would
     * require explicit knowledge of subclasses.)
     */
    void init() {
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve object hash code and applies a supplemental hash function to the
     * result hash, which defends against poor quality hash functions.  This is
     * critical because HashMap uses power-of-two length hash tables, that
     * otherwise encounter collisions for hashCodes that do not differ
     * in lower bits. Note: Null keys always map to hash 0, thus index 0.
     */
    final static int hash(Object k) {
    	if(k instanceof KeyImpl) return ((KeyImpl) k).slotForMap();
    	int h = 0;
        /*if (useAltHashing) {
            if (k instanceof String) {
                return Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
            }
            h = hashSeed;
        }*/

        h ^= k.hashCode();
        
        // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by
        // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded
        // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
        h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
        return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
    }
    

    /**
     * Returns index for hash code h.
     */
    static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
    	return h & (length-1);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.
     *
     * @return the number of key-value mappings in this map
     */
    public int size() {
        return size;
    }

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings
     */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0;
    }

    @Override
    public V get(Object key) {
        if (key == null)
            return getForNullKey();
        Entry<K,V> entry = getEntry(key);

        return null == entry ? null : entry.getValue();
    }
    
    public V g(K key, V defaultValue) {
        if (key == null) return getForNullKey();

        int hash = hash(key);
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
             e != null;
             e = e.next) {
        	if (e.hash == hash &&
                ((e.key) == key || key.equals(e.key)))
                return e.getValue();
        }
   
        return defaultValue;
    }
    

    public static void main(String[] args) {

    	//HashMapPro<Key, Object> map=new HashMapPro<Key, Object>();
    	long startx=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<10000000;i++){
			KeyImpl.init("K"+i);
		}
		aprint.e("init.key:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-startx));

    	
    	
    	HashMapPro<Key,Object> map=new HashMapPro<Key,Object>();
    	Map<Key,Object> sm = Collections.synchronizedMap(map);
    	ConcurrentHashMapPro<Key,Object> map2=new ConcurrentHashMapPro<Key,Object>();
    	HashMap<Key,Object> hm=new HashMap<Key,Object>();

    	Key[] keys=new Key[100];
    	for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
    		keys[i]=KeyImpl.init("K"+i);
    		map.put(keys[i], ""+i);
    		map2.put(keys[i], ""+i);
    		hm.put(keys[i], ""+i);
    	}
    	
    	for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
    		keys[i]=KeyImpl.init("K"+i);
    	}
    	
    	long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			//map.g(keys[37],null);
			map.get(keys[37]);
			//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("HM.get:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));

		
    	start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			map.g(keys[37],null);
			//map.get(keys[37]);
			//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("HM.g:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
		

    	start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			//map.g(keys[37],null);
			map.get(keys[37]);
			//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("HM.get:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));

		
    	start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			//map.g(keys[37],null);
			map.put(keys[37], "");
			//map.get(keys[37]);
			//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("HM.put:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
		
		
		/////////////////////////////////////////
		

    	start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			//map.g(keys[37],null);
			map2.get(keys[37]);
			//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("CHM.get:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));

		
    	start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			map2.g(keys[37],null);
			//map.get(keys[37]);
			//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("CHM.g:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
		

    	start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			//map.g(keys[37],null);
			map2.get(keys[37]);
			//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("CHM.get:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));

		
    	start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			//map2.g(keys[37],null);
			map2.put(keys[37], "");
			//map.get(keys[37]);
			//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("CHM.put:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
		
		
/////////////////////////////////////////
		

    	start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			//map.g(keys[37],null);
			sm.get(keys[37]);
			//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("SM.get:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));

		
    	start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			//map2.g(keys[37],null);
			sm.put(keys[37], "");
			//map.get(keys[37]);
			//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("SM.put:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
		
		
	/////////////////////////////////////////
			
		
		start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
		//map.g(keys[37],null);
		hm.get(keys[37]);
		//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("SM.get:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
	
	
		start=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
		//map2.g(keys[37],null);
		hm.put(keys[37], "");
		//map.get(keys[37]);
		//k.hashCode();
		}
		aprint.e("SM.put:"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
	}
    
    public V g(K key) throws PageException {
        if (key == null) return getForNullKey();

        int hash = hash(key);
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
             e != null;
             e = e.next) {
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k)))
                return e.getValue();
        }
        throw invalidKey(this, key,false);
    }

    /**
     * Offloaded version of get() to look up null keys.  Null keys map
     * to index 0.  This null case is split out into separate methods
     * for the sake of performance in the two most commonly used
     * operations (get and put), but incorporated with conditionals in
     * others.
     */
    private V getForNullKey() {
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            if (e.key == null)
                return e.value;
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the
     * specified key.
     *
     * @param   key   The key whose presence in this map is to be tested
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the specified
     * key.
     */
    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
        return getEntry(key) != null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the entry associated with the specified key in the
     * HashMap.  Returns null if the HashMap contains no mapping
     * for the key.
     */
    final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
             e != null;
             e = e.next) {
            if (e.hash == hash &&
                ((e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(e.key))))
                return e;
        }
        return null;
    }


    /**
     * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
     * If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old
     * value is replaced.
     *
     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
     * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
     *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
     *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
     */
    public V put(K key, V value) {
        if (key == null)
            return putForNullKey(value);
        int hash = hash(key);
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                e.recordAccess(this);
                return oldValue;
            }
        }

        modCount++;
        addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Offloaded version of put for null keys
     */
    private V putForNullKey(V value) {
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            if (e.key == null) {
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                e.recordAccess(this);
                return oldValue;
            }
        }
        modCount++;
        addEntry(0, null, value, 0);
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * This method is used instead of put by constructors and
     * pseudoconstructors (clone, readObject).  It does not resize the table,
     * check for comodification, etc.  It calls createEntry rather than
     * addEntry.
     */
    private void putForCreate(K key, V value) {
        int hash = null == key ? 0 : hash(key);
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);

        /**
         * Look for preexisting entry for key.  This will never happen for
         * clone or deserialize.  It will only happen for construction if the
         * input Map is a sorted map whose ordering is inconsistent w/ equals.
         */
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash &&
                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
                e.value = value;
                return;
            }
        }

        createEntry(hash, key, value, i);
    }

    private void putAllForCreate(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet())
            putForCreate(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
    }

    /**
     * Rehashes the contents of this map into a new array with a
     * larger capacity.  This method is called automatically when the
     * number of keys in this map reaches its threshold.
     *
     * If current capacity is MAXIMUM_CAPACITY, this method does not
     * resize the map, but sets threshold to Integer.MAX_VALUE.
     * This has the effect of preventing future calls.
     *
     * @param newCapacity the new capacity, MUST be a power of two;
     *        must be greater than current capacity unless current
     *        capacity is MAXIMUM_CAPACITY (in which case value
     *        is irrelevant).
     */
    void resize(int newCapacity) {
    	Entry<K, V>[] oldTable = table;
        int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
        if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            return;
        }

        Entry<K, V>[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
        //boolean oldAltHashing = useAltHashing;
        //useAltHashing |= sun.misc.VM.isBooted() && (newCapacity >= Holder.ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD);
        //boolean rehash = oldAltHashing ^ useAltHashing;
        transfer(newTable);
        table = newTable;
        threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
    }

    /**
     * Transfers all entries from current table to newTable.
     */
    void transfer(Entry<K, V>[] newTable) {
        int newCapacity = newTable.length;
        for (Entry<K,V> e : table) {
            while(null != e) {
                Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
                /*if (rehash) {
                    e.hash = null == e.key ? 0 : hash(e.key);
                }*/
                int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
                e.next = newTable[i];
                newTable[i] = e;
                e = next;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map.
     * These mappings will replace any mappings that this map had for
     * any of the keys currently in the specified map.
     *
     * @param m mappings to be stored in this map
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null
     */
    public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        int numKeysToBeAdded = m.size();
        if (numKeysToBeAdded == 0)
            return;

        /*
         * Expand the map if the map if the number of mappings to be added
         * is greater than or equal to threshold.  This is conservative; the
         * obvious condition is (m.size() + size) >= threshold, but this
         * condition could result in a map with twice the appropriate capacity,
         * if the keys to be added overlap with the keys already in this map.
         * By using the conservative calculation, we subject ourself
         * to at most one extra resize.
         */
        if (numKeysToBeAdded > threshold) {
            int targetCapacity = (int)(numKeysToBeAdded / loadFactor + 1);
            if (targetCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
                targetCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
            int newCapacity = table.length;
            while (newCapacity < targetCapacity)
                newCapacity <<= 1;
            if (newCapacity > table.length)
                resize(newCapacity);
        }

        for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet())
            put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
    }

    /**
     * Removes the mapping for the specified key from this map if present.
     *
     * @param  key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map
     * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or
     *         <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>.
     *         (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map
     *         previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.)
     */
    public V remove(Object key) {
        Entry<K,V> e = removeEntryForKey(key);
        return (e == null ? null : e.value);
    }

    public V r(K key,V defaultValue) {
        Entry<K,V> e = removeEntryForKey(key);
        return (e == null ? defaultValue : e.value);
    }
    
    public V r(K key) throws PageException {
        Entry<K,V> e = removeEntryForKey(key);
        if(e==null) throw invalidKey(this, key,true);
        return e.value;
    }

    
    
    
    
    /**
     * Removes and returns the entry associated with the specified key
     * in the HashMap.  Returns null if the HashMap contains no mapping
     * for this key.
     */
    final Entry<K,V> removeEntryForKey(Object key) {
        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
        Entry<K,V> prev = table[i];
        Entry<K,V> e = prev;

        while (e != null) {
            Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash &&
                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
                modCount++;
                size--;
                if (prev == e)
                    table[i] = next;
                else
                    prev.next = next;
                e.recordRemoval(this);
                return e;
            }
            prev = e;
            e = next;
        }

        return e;
    }

    /**
     * Special version of remove for EntrySet using {@code Map.Entry.equals()}
     * for matching.
     */
    final Entry<K,V> removeMapping(Object o) {
        if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
            return null;

        Map.Entry<K,V> entry = (Map.Entry<K,V>) o;
        Object key = entry.getKey();
        int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
        Entry<K,V> prev = table[i];
        Entry<K,V> e = prev;

        while (e != null) {
            Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
            if (e.hash == hash && e.equals(entry)) {
                modCount++;
                size--;
                if (prev == e)
                    table[i] = next;
                else
                    prev.next = next;
                e.recordRemoval(this);
                return e;
            }
            prev = e;
            e = next;
        }

        return e;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all of the mappings from this map.
     * The map will be empty after this call returns.
     */
    public void clear() {
        modCount++;
        Entry[] tab = table;
        for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; i++)
            tab[i] = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
     * specified value.
     *
     * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
     *         specified value
     */
    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
        if (value == null)
            return containsNullValue();

        Entry[] tab = table;
        for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)
            for (Entry e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next)
                if (value.equals(e.value))
                    return true;
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Special-case code for containsValue with null argument
     */
    private boolean containsNullValue() {
        Entry[] tab = table;
        for (int i = 0; i < tab.length ; i++)
            for (Entry e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next)
                if (e.value == null)
                    return true;
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a shallow copy of this <tt>HashMap</tt> instance: the keys and
     * values themselves are not cloned.
     *
     * @return a shallow copy of this map
     */
    public Object clone() {
        HashMapPro<K,V> result = null;
        try {
            result = (HashMapPro<K,V>)super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            // assert false;
        }
        result.table = new Entry[table.length];
        result.entrySet = null;
        result.modCount = 0;
        result.size = 0;
        result.init();
        result.putAllForCreate(this);

        return result;
    }

    static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
        final K key;
        V value;
        Entry<K,V> next;
        int hash;

        /**
         * Creates new entry.
         */
        Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {
            value = v;
            next = n;
            key = k;
            hash = h;
        }

        public final K getKey() {
            return key;
        }

        public final V getValue() {
            return value;
        }

        public final V setValue(V newValue) {
            V oldValue = value;
            value = newValue;
            return oldValue;
        }

        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
                return false;
            Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o;
            Object k1 = getKey();
            Object k2 = e.getKey();
            if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {
                Object v1 = getValue();
                Object v2 = e.getValue();
                if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2)))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        public final int hashCode() {
            return (key==null   ? 0 : key.hashCode()) ^
                   (value==null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
        }

        public final String toString() {
            return getKey() + "=" + getValue();
        }

        /**
         * This method is invoked whenever the value in an entry is
         * overwritten by an invocation of put(k,v) for a key k that's already
         * in the HashMap.
         */
        void recordAccess(HashMapPro<K,V> m) {
        }

        /**
         * This method is invoked whenever the entry is
         * removed from the table.
         */
        void recordRemoval(HashMapPro<K,V> m) {
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adds a new entry with the specified key, value and hash code to
     * the specified bucket.  It is the responsibility of this
     * method to resize the table if appropriate.
     *
     * Subclass overrides this to alter the behavior of put method.
     */
    void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
        if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
            resize(2 * table.length);
            hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
            bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);
        }

        createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
    }

    /**
     * Like addEntry except that this version is used when creating entries
     * as part of Map construction or "pseudo-construction" (cloning,
     * deserialization).  This version needn't worry about resizing the table.
     *
     * Subclass overrides this to alter the behavior of HashMap(Map),
     * clone, and readObject.
     */
    void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
        Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
        table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);
        size++;
    }

    private abstract class HashIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {
        Entry<K,V> next;        // next entry to return
        int expectedModCount;   // For fast-fail
        int index;              // current slot
        Entry<K,V> current;     // current entry

        HashIterator() {
            expectedModCount = modCount;
            if (size > 0) { // advance to first entry
                Entry[] t = table;
                while (index < t.length && (next = t[index++]) == null)
                    ;
            }
        }

        public final boolean hasNext() {
            return next != null;
        }

        final Entry<K,V> nextEntry() {
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            Entry<K,V> e = next;
            if (e == null)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();

            if ((next = e.next) == null) {
                Entry[] t = table;
                while (index < t.length && (next = t[index++]) == null)
                    ;
            }
            current = e;
            return e;
        }

        public void remove() {
            if (current == null)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            Object k = current.key;
            current = null;
            HashMapPro.this.removeEntryForKey(k);
            expectedModCount = modCount;
        }
    }

    private final class ValueIterator extends HashIterator<V> {
        public V next() {
            return nextEntry().value;
        }
    }

    private final class KeyIterator extends HashIterator<K> {
        public K next() {
            return nextEntry().getKey();
        }
    }

    private final class EntryIterator extends HashIterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
        public Map.Entry<K,V> next() {
            return nextEntry();
        }
    }

    // Subclass overrides these to alter behavior of views' iterator() method
    Iterator<K> newKeyIterator()   {
        return new KeyIterator();
    }
    Iterator<V> newValueIterator()   {
        return new ValueIterator();
    }
    Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> newEntryIterator()   {
        return new EntryIterator();
    }


    // Views

    private transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet = null;

    /**
     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the keys contained in this map.
     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  If the map is modified
     * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
     * the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation), the results of
     * the iteration are undefined.  The set supports element removal,
     * which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the
     * <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>, <tt>Set.remove</tt>,
     * <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt>, and <tt>clear</tt>
     * operations.  It does not support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt>
     * operations.
     */
    public Set<K> keySet() {
        Set<K> ks = keySet;
        return (ks != null ? ks : (keySet = new KeySet()));
    }

    private final class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
        public Iterator<K> iterator() {
            return newKeyIterator();
        }
        public int size() {
            return size;
        }
        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            return containsKey(o);
        }
        public boolean remove(Object o) {
            return HashMapPro.this.removeEntryForKey(o) != null;
        }
        public void clear() {
            HashMapPro.this.clear();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@link Collection} view of the values contained in this map.
     * The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
     * reflected in the collection, and vice-versa.  If the map is
     * modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress
     * (except through the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation),
     * the results of the iteration are undefined.  The collection
     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
     * mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
     * <tt>Collection.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>,
     * <tt>retainAll</tt> and <tt>clear</tt> operations.  It does not
     * support the <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
     */
    public Collection<V> values() {
        Collection<V> vs = values;
        return (vs != null ? vs : (values = new Values()));
    }

    private final class Values extends AbstractCollection<V> {
        public Iterator<V> iterator() {
            return newValueIterator();
        }
        public int size() {
            return size;
        }
        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            return containsValue(o);
        }
        public void clear() {
            HashMapPro.this.clear();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@link Set} view of the mappings contained in this map.
     * The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
     * reflected in the set, and vice-versa.  If the map is modified
     * while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
     * the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation, or through the
     * <tt>setValue</tt> operation on a map entry returned by the
     * iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined.  The set
     * supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
     * mapping from the map, via the <tt>Iterator.remove</tt>,
     * <tt>Set.remove</tt>, <tt>removeAll</tt>, <tt>retainAll</tt> and
     * <tt>clear</tt> operations.  It does not support the
     * <tt>add</tt> or <tt>addAll</tt> operations.
     *
     * @return a set view of the mappings contained in this map
     */
    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
        return entrySet0();
    }

    private Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet0() {
        Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> es = entrySet;
        return es != null ? es : (entrySet = new EntrySet());
    }

    private final class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
            return newEntryIterator();
        }
        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
                return false;
            Map.Entry<K,V> e = (Map.Entry<K,V>) o;
            Entry<K,V> candidate = getEntry(e.getKey());
            return candidate != null && candidate.equals(e);
        }
        public boolean remove(Object o) {
            return removeMapping(o) != null;
        }
        public int size() {
            return size;
        }
        public void clear() {
            HashMapPro.this.clear();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Save the state of the <tt>HashMap</tt> instance to a stream (i.e.,
     * serialize it).
     *
     * @serialData The <i>capacity</i> of the HashMap (the length of the
     *             bucket array) is emitted (int), followed by the
     *             <i>size</i> (an int, the number of key-value
     *             mappings), followed by the key (Object) and value (Object)
     *             for each key-value mapping.  The key-value mappings are
     *             emitted in no particular order.
     */
    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
        throws IOException
    {
        Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> i =
            (size > 0) ? entrySet0().iterator() : null;

        // Write out the threshold, loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
        s.defaultWriteObject();

        // Write out number of buckets
        s.writeInt(table.length);

        // Write out size (number of Mappings)
        s.writeInt(size);

        // Write out keys and values (alternating)
        if (size > 0) {
            for(Map.Entry<K,V> e : entrySet0()) {
                s.writeObject(e.getKey());
                s.writeObject(e.getValue());
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * Reconstitute the {@code HashMap} instance from a stream (i.e.,
     * deserialize it).
     */
    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
         throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
    {
        // Read in the threshold (ignored), loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
        s.defaultReadObject();
        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
            throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal load factor: " +
                                               loadFactor);

        // set hashSeed (can only happen after VM boot)
        Holder.UNSAFE.putIntVolatile(this, Holder.HASHSEED_OFFSET,
                Hashing.randomHashSeed(this));

        // Read in number of buckets and allocate the bucket array;
        s.readInt(); // ignored

        // Read number of mappings
        int mappings = s.readInt();
        if (mappings < 0)
            throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal mappings count: " +
                                               mappings);

        int initialCapacity = (int) Math.min(
                // capacity chosen by number of mappings
                // and desired load (if >= 0.25)
                mappings * Math.min(1 / loadFactor, 4.0f),
                // we have limits...
                HashMapPro.MAXIMUM_CAPACITY);
        int capacity = 1;
        // find smallest power of two which holds all mappings
        while (capacity < initialCapacity) {
            capacity <<= 1;
        }

        table = new Entry[capacity];
        threshold = (int) Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
        //useAltHashing = sun.misc.VM.isBooted() && (capacity >= Holder.ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD);

        init();  // Give subclass a chance to do its thing.

        // Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the HashMap
        for (int i=0; i<mappings; i++) {
            K key = (K) s.readObject();
            V value = (V) s.readObject();
            putForCreate(key, value);
        }
    }

    // These methods are used when serializing HashSets
    int   capacity()     { return table.length; }
    float loadFactor()   { return loadFactor;   }
    
    

}
