巻末 - Grammar Index
Welcome to the Grammar Index! Here you can quickly find and review the grammar points taught in Genki. Use the quick navigation to jump to a lesson's grammar or use the quick search to find the grammar point you want to read up on.
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Grammar Notes Usage
Grammar Key Meanings
| Key | Meaning |
| 本文 | Passage (from the dialogue) |
| 説明 | Explanation |
| 英訳 | English translation/equivalent |
| 文型 | Sentence structure |
| 例文 | Example sentence |
| 練習 | Practice exercises |
Abbreviations used in the Grammar Notes
| Abbreviation | Meaning | Examples |
| S | Sentence | 学生が来る |
| N | Noun | 学生; 日本; バス |
| NP | Noun Phrase | 日本語の勉強 |
| VN | Noun which forms a suru-verb by affixing する | 勉強; 買い物; サイン |
| V | Verb | 話す; 食べる; 来る |
| V-masu | Stem of verb's masu form (=masu form minus masu) | 話し; 食べ; 来 |
| V-nai | Stem of verb's nai form (=nai form minus nai) | 話さ; 食べ; 来 |
| V-vol | Verb's volitional form | 話そう; 食べよう; 来よう |
| A | i-adjective | 大きい; おもしろい |
| A-stem | Stem of i-adjective | 大き; おもしろ |
| A-nai | Stem of i-adjective's nai form (=nai form minus nai) | 大きく; おもしろく |
| ANa | Stem of na-adjective | 静か; 便利 |
| ANo | Stem of no-adjective | 普通; 最高 |
| An | Non-conjugational adjective | すぐ; ゆっくり; 大きく; 静かに |
| DemP | Demonstrative pronoun | これ; それ; あれ |
| DemA | Demonstative adjective | この; その; こんな; あんな |
| Conj | Conjunction | が; から; しかし |
| Prt | Particle | が; を; に; よ; ね |
| QW | Question word | 何; だれ; いつ; どの; いくら |
| Da | だ and its conjugations | だ; だった; です; でした |
| te | te-form | 話して; 高くて; 静かで |
| plain | plain form | 話す; 話した; 高い; 静かだった |
| non-past | non-past form | 話す; 高い; 静かだ |
| past | past form | 話した; 高った; 静かだった |
| aff | affirmative form | 話す; 高い; 静かだ |
| neg | negative form | 話さない; 高くない; 静かじゃない |
| cond | conditional form (=ba-form) | 話せば; 高ければ; 静かなら(ば); 静かであれば |
Lesson 1: New Friends Genki I: p.41-43
1. XはYです Genki I: p.41-42
| 本文 |
|
| 説明 | です is a copula used for connecting additional information to the subject. Often times when the subject is known, the subject + は (pronounced wa when used as a particle) is dropped in Japanese. If it's not clear what's being talked about, however, the subject can be stated by marking it as a topic with は as in examples 4-7. |
| 英訳 |
a. ～です = It is.../to be...
b. XはYです = X is Y. As for X, it is Y. |
| 文型 |
a. ～です b. ～は～です |
| 例文 |
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| 練習 |
2. Question Sentences (～か) Genki I: p.42-43
| 本文 |
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| 説明 |
か turns a statement into a question when added at the end of a sentence.
りゅうがくせいです。
(I am) an international student. りゅうがくせいですか。
(Are you) an international student? The question sentence above is a "yes/no" question. Question sentences may also contain a "question word" like なん or 何 (what). なん is typically used before です or counters (as seen in the examples below), whereas 何 is used before a particle such as が、を、etc., as in 何をしていますか (What are you doing?). |
| 英訳 | か = yes?/no?/isn't it?/is it? |
| 文型 | Sか |
| 例文 |
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| 練習 |
3. NounのNoun Genki I: p.43
| 本文 |
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| 説明 |
の is a particle that connects two nouns. The second noun provides the main idea and the first noun makes it more specific. It can be used like the possessive (Takeshi's) in English, as in the example below.
たけしさんのでんわばんごう
Takeshi's phone number.
NounのNoun acts more or less like one big noun and can be put wherever you can put a noun, as in the following example. たけしさんのおかあさんはこうこうのせんせいです。
Takeshi's mother is a high school teacher.
|
| 英訳 | NounのNoun = 's/of; indicates possessiveness |
| 文型 | NのN |
| 例文 |
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| 練習 |