/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Copyright by The HDF Group.                                               *
 * All rights reserved.                                                      *
 *                                                                           *
 * This file is part of HDF5.  The full HDF5 copyright notice, including     *
 * terms governing use, modification, and redistribution, is contained in    *
 * the LICENSE file, which can be found at the root of the source code       *
 * distribution tree, or in https://www.hdfgroup.org/licenses.               *
 * If you do not have access to either file, you may request a copy from     *
 * help@hdfgroup.org.                                                        *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

#include "h5repack.h"
#include "h5tools.h"
#include "h5tools_utils.h"

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * typedefs
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * globals
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * macros
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* size of buffer/# of bytes to xfer at a time when copying userblock */
#define USERBLOCK_XFER_SIZE 512

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * local functions
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int  get_hyperslab(hid_t dcpl_id, int rank_dset, const hsize_t dims_dset[], size_t size_datum,
                          hsize_t dims_hslab[], hsize_t *hslab_nbytes_p);
static void print_dataset_info(hid_t dcpl_id, char *objname, double per, int pr, pack_opt_t *options,
                               double read_time, double write_time);
static int  do_copy_objects(hid_t fidin, hid_t fidout, trav_table_t *travt, pack_opt_t *options);
static int  copy_user_block(const char *infile, const char *outfile, hsize_t size);
#if defined(H5REPACK_DEBUG_USER_BLOCK)
static void print_user_block(const char *filename, hid_t fid);
#endif

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function: copy_objects
 *
 * Purpose:  duplicate all HDF5 objects in the file
 *
 * Return:   0, ok,
 *          -1 no
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
int
copy_objects(const char *fnamein, const char *fnameout, pack_opt_t *options)
{
    hid_t                 fidin   = H5I_INVALID_HID;
    hid_t                 fidout  = H5I_INVALID_HID;
    hid_t                 fcpl_in = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* file creation property list ID for input file */
    hid_t                 grp_in  = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* group ID */
    hid_t                 gcpl_in = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* group creation property list */
    hid_t                 fcpl    = H5P_DEFAULT;     /* file creation property list ID */
    trav_table_t         *travt   = NULL;
    hsize_t               ub_size = 0;     /* size of user block */
    H5F_fspace_strategy_t set_strategy;    /* Strategy to be set in output file */
    bool                  set_persist;     /* Persist free-space status to be set in output file */
    hsize_t               set_threshold;   /* Free-space section threshold to be set in output file */
    hsize_t               set_pagesize;    /* File space page size to be set in output file */
    H5F_fspace_strategy_t in_strategy;     /* Strategy from input file */
    bool                  in_persist;      /* Persist free-space status from input file */
    hsize_t               in_threshold;    /* Free-space section threshold from input file */
    hsize_t               in_pagesize;     /* File space page size from input file */
    unsigned              crt_order_flags; /* group creation order flag */
    int                   ret_value = 0;

    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * open input file
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    if ((fidin = h5tools_fopen(fnamein, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, options->fin_fapl,
                               (options->fin_vol || options->fin_vfd), NULL, (size_t)0)) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "h5tools_fopen failed <%s>: %s", fnamein, H5FOPENERROR);

    /* get user block size and file space strategy/persist/threshold */
    {
        if ((fcpl_in = H5Fget_create_plist(fidin)) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Fget_create_plist failed to retrieve file creation property list");

        if (H5Pget_userblock(fcpl_in, &ub_size) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pget_userblock failed to retrieve userblock size");

        /* If the -S option is not set, get "strategy" from the input file */
        if (H5Pget_file_space_strategy(fcpl_in, &in_strategy, &in_persist, &in_threshold) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pget_file_space_strategy failed to retrieve file space strategy");

        /* If the -G option is not set, get "pagesize" from the input file */
        if (H5Pget_file_space_page_size(fcpl_in, &in_pagesize) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pget_file_space_page_size failed to retrieve file space threshold");

        /* open root group */
        if ((grp_in = H5Gopen2(fidin, "/", H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Gopen2 failed");

        /* get root group creation property list */
        if ((gcpl_in = H5Gget_create_plist(grp_in)) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Gget_create_plist failed");

        /* query and set the group creation properties */
        if (H5Pget_link_creation_order(gcpl_in, &crt_order_flags) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pget_link_creation_order failed");

        if (H5Pclose(fcpl_in) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pclose failed to close property list");
    }

    if (options->latest)
        options->low_bound = options->high_bound = H5F_LIBVER_LATEST;

    /* Create file access property list */
    if (options->fout_fapl == H5P_DEFAULT)
        if ((options->fout_fapl = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS)) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate failed to create file access property list");

    /* It can be default, latest or other settings by users */
    if (H5Pset_libver_bounds(options->fout_fapl, options->low_bound, options->high_bound) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_libver_bounds failed to set format version bounds");

    /* Check if we need to create a non-default file creation property list */
    if (options->low_bound >= H5F_LIBVER_V18 || ub_size > 0) {
        /* Create file creation property list */
        if ((fcpl = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_CREATE)) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate failed to create a file creation property list");

        if (ub_size > 0)
            if (H5Pset_userblock(fcpl, ub_size) < 0)
                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_userblock failed to set non-default userblock size");

        if (options->low_bound >= H5F_LIBVER_V18) {
            unsigned i = 0, nindex = 0, mesg_type_flags[5], min_mesg_sizes[5];

            /* Adjust group creation parameters for root group */
            /* (So that it is created in "dense storage" form) */
            if (H5Pset_link_phase_change(fcpl, (unsigned)options->grp_compact,
                                         (unsigned)options->grp_indexed) < 0)
                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR(
                    (-1),
                    "H5Pset_link_phase_change failed to adjust group creation parameters for root group");

            for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                if (options->msg_size[i] > 0) {
                    switch (i) {
                        case 0:
                            mesg_type_flags[nindex] = H5O_SHMESG_SDSPACE_FLAG;
                            break;

                        case 1:
                            mesg_type_flags[nindex] = H5O_SHMESG_DTYPE_FLAG;
                            break;

                        case 2:
                            mesg_type_flags[nindex] = H5O_SHMESG_FILL_FLAG;
                            break;

                        case 3:
                            mesg_type_flags[nindex] = H5O_SHMESG_PLINE_FLAG;
                            break;

                        case 4:
                            mesg_type_flags[nindex] = H5O_SHMESG_ATTR_FLAG;
                            break;

                        default:
                            break;
                    } /* end switch */
                    min_mesg_sizes[nindex] = (unsigned)options->msg_size[i];

                    nindex++;
                } /* end if */
            }     /* end for */

            if (nindex > 0) {
                if (H5Pset_shared_mesg_nindexes(fcpl, nindex) < 0)
                    H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_shared_mesg_nindexes failed to set the number of shared "
                                             "object header message indexes");

                /* msg_size[0]=dataspace, 1=datatype, 2=file value, 3=filter pipeline, 4=attribute */
                for (i = 0; i < (nindex - 1); i++)
                    if (H5Pset_shared_mesg_index(fcpl, i, mesg_type_flags[i], min_mesg_sizes[i]) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_shared_mesg_index failed to configure the specified "
                                                 "shared object header message index");
            } /* if (nindex>0) */

        } /* end if */
    }     /* end if */
#if defined(H5REPACK_DEBUG_USER_BLOCK)
    print_user_block(fnamein, fidin);
#endif

    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * set the new user userblock options in the FCPL (before H5Fcreate )
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    if (options->ublock_size > 0) {
        /* either use the FCPL already created or create a new one */
        if (fcpl == H5P_DEFAULT)
            /* create a file creation property list */
            if ((fcpl = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_CREATE)) < 0)
                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate failed to create a file creation property list");

        /* set user block size */
        if (H5Pset_userblock(fcpl, options->ublock_size) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_userblock failed to set userblock size");
    }

    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * set alignment options
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    if (options->alignment > 0) {
        /* either use the FAPL already created or create a new one */
        if (options->fout_fapl == H5P_DEFAULT)
            /* create a file access property list */
            if ((options->fout_fapl = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS)) < 0)
                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate failed to create file access property list");

        if (H5Pset_alignment(options->fout_fapl, options->threshold, options->alignment) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_alignment failed to set alignment");
    }

    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * set metadata block size option
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    if (options->meta_block_size > 0) {
        /* either use the FAPL already created or create a new one */
        if (options->fout_fapl == H5P_DEFAULT)
            /* create a file access property list */
            if ((options->fout_fapl = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS)) < 0)
                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate failed to create file access property list");

        if (H5Pset_meta_block_size(options->fout_fapl, options->meta_block_size) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_meta_block_size failed to set metadata block size");
    }

    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Set file space information
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */

    /* either use the FCPL already created or create a new one */
    if (fcpl == H5P_DEFAULT)
        /* create a file creation property list */
        if ((fcpl = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_CREATE)) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate failed to create a file creation property list");

    if (H5Pset_link_creation_order(fcpl, crt_order_flags) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_link_creation_order failed");

    /* Set file space info to those from input file */
    set_strategy  = in_strategy;
    set_persist   = in_persist;
    set_threshold = in_threshold;
    set_pagesize  = in_pagesize;

    if (options->fs_strategy == (H5F_fspace_strategy_t)-1) /* A default strategy is specified by user */
        set_strategy = FS_STRATEGY_DEF;
    else if (options->fs_strategy != (H5F_fspace_strategy_t)0) /* Set strategy as specified by user */
        set_strategy = options->fs_strategy;

    if (options->fs_persist == -1) /* A default "persist" is specified by user */
        set_persist = FS_PERSIST_DEF;
    else if (options->fs_persist != 0) /* Set "persist" as specified by user */
        set_persist = (bool)options->fs_persist;

    if (options->fs_threshold == -1) /* A "0" threshold is specified by user */
        set_threshold = (hsize_t)0;
    else if (options->fs_threshold != 0) /* Set threshold as specified by user */
        set_threshold = (hsize_t)options->fs_threshold;

    /* Set file space information as specified */
    if (H5Pset_file_space_strategy(fcpl, set_strategy, set_persist, set_threshold) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_file_space_strategy failed to set file space strategy");

    if (options->fs_pagesize == -1) /* A "0" file space page size is specified by user */
        set_pagesize = (hsize_t)0;
    else if (options->fs_pagesize != 0) /* Set file space page size as specified by user */
        set_pagesize = (hsize_t)options->fs_pagesize;

    if (set_pagesize != FS_PAGESIZE_DEF) /* Set non-default file space page size as specified */
        if (H5Pset_file_space_page_size(fcpl, set_pagesize) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_file_space_page_size failed to set file space page size");

    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * create the output file
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    if (options->verbose > 0)
        printf("Making new file ...\n");

    if ((fidout = H5Fcreate(fnameout, H5F_ACC_TRUNC, fcpl, options->fout_fapl)) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Fcreate could not create file <%s>:", fnameout);

    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * get list of objects
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */

    /* Initialize indexing options */
    h5trav_set_index(sort_by, sort_order);
    /* init table */
    trav_table_init(fidin, &travt);

    if (travt) {
        /* get the list of objects in the file */
        if (h5trav_gettable(fidin, travt) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "h5trav_gettable failed");

        /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
         * do the copy
         *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        if (do_copy_objects(fidin, fidout, travt, options) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "do_copy_objects from <%s> could not copy data to <%s>", fnamein,
                               fnameout);

        /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
         * do the copy of referenced objects
         * and create hard links
         *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        if (do_copy_refobjs(fidin, fidout, travt, options) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "do_copy_refobjs from <%s> could not copy data to <%s>", fnamein,
                               fnameout);
    }

    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Close the file and everything in it so the lock is removed
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    if (H5Pclose(fcpl) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "could not close fcpl");
    if (H5Pclose(options->fout_fapl) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "could not close fcpl");
    options->fout_fapl = H5P_DEFAULT;
    if (H5Pclose(gcpl_in) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "could not close fcpl");
    if (H5Gclose(grp_in) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "could not close fcpl");
    if (H5Fclose(fidout) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "could not close fcpl");
    if (H5Fclose(fidin) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "could not close fcpl");

    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * NOTE: The userblock MUST be written out AFTER the file is closed or
     * the file locking will cause failures on Windows, where file locks
     * are mandatory, not advisory.
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */

    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * Write a new user block if requested, using the input file user block if
     * there is no separate user block file input
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */

    if (options->ublock_filename != NULL && options->ublock_size > 0) {
        if (copy_user_block(options->ublock_filename, fnameout, options->ublock_size) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "Could not copy user block. Exiting...");
    }
    else if (ub_size > 0 && options->ublock_size == 0) {
        if (copy_user_block(fnamein, fnameout, ub_size) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "Could not copy user block. Exiting...");
    }

done:
    if (-1 == ret_value) {
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            H5Pclose(fcpl);
            H5Pclose(options->fout_fapl);
            options->fout_fapl = H5P_DEFAULT;
            H5Pclose(gcpl_in);
            H5Gclose(grp_in);
            H5Pclose(fcpl_in);
            H5Fclose(fidout);
            H5Fclose(fidin);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY
    }
    if (travt)
        trav_table_free(travt);

    return ret_value;
} /* end copy_objects() */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function: get_hyperslab
 *
 * Purpose: Calculate a hyperslab from a dataset for higher performance.
 *          The size of hyperslab is limited by H5TOOLS_BUFSIZE.
 *          Return the hyperslab dimensions and size in byte.
 *
 * Return:  0 - SUCCEED, -1 FAILED
 *
 * Parameters:
 *   dcpl_id : [IN] dataset creation property.
 *   rank_dset : [IN] dataset rank
 *   dims_dset[] : [IN] dataset dimensions
 *   size_datum : [IN] size of a data element in byte
 *   dims_hslab[] : [OUT] calculated hyperslab dimensions
 *   * hslab_nbytes_p : [OUT] total byte of the hyperslab
 *
 * Update:
 *   The hyperslab calculation would depend on if the dataset is chunked
 *   or not.
 *
 *   There care 3 conditions to cover:
 *   1. If chunked and a chunk fits in buffer, each chunk would be a unit of
 *      collection and the boundary would be dataset's dims.
 *   2. If chunked but a chunk doesn't fit in buffer, each data element would
 *      be a unit of collection and the boundary would be the chunk itself.
 *   3. If not chunked, each data element would be a unit of collection and
 *      the boundary would be dataset's dims.
 *
 *   The calculation starts from the last dimension (h5dump dims output).
 *-----------------------------------------*/

int
get_hyperslab(hid_t dcpl_id, int rank_dset, const hsize_t dims_dset[], size_t size_datum,
              hsize_t dims_hslab[], hsize_t *hslab_nbytes_p)
{
    int          k;
    H5D_layout_t dset_layout;
    int          rank_chunk;
    hsize_t      dims_chunk[H5S_MAX_RANK];
    hsize_t      size_chunk = 1;
    hsize_t      nchunk_fit; /* number of chunks that fits in hyperslab buffer (H5TOOLS_BUFSIZE) */
    hsize_t      ndatum_fit; /* number of datum that fits in hyperslab buffer (H5TOOLS_BUFSIZE) */
    hsize_t      chunk_dims_map[H5S_MAX_RANK]; /* mapped chunk dimensions */
    hsize_t      hs_dims_map[H5S_MAX_RANK];    /* mapped hyperslab dimensions */
    hsize_t      hslab_nbytes;                 /* size of hyperslab in byte */
    int          ret_value = 0;

    /* init to set as size of a data element */
    hslab_nbytes = size_datum;

    /* get layout of dataset */
    dset_layout = H5Pget_layout(dcpl_id);

    /* if dataset is chunked */
    if (dset_layout == H5D_CHUNKED) {
        /* get chunk dims */
        rank_chunk = H5Pget_chunk(dcpl_id, rank_dset, dims_chunk);
        if (rank_chunk < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pget_chunk failed");

        for (k = rank_dset; k > 0; --k)
            size_chunk *= dims_chunk[k - 1];

        /* figure out how many chunks can fit in the hyperslab buffer */
        nchunk_fit = (H5TOOLS_BUFSIZE / size_datum) / size_chunk;

        /* 1. if a chunk fit in hyperslab buffer */
        if (nchunk_fit >= 1) {
            /* Calculate a hyperslab that contains as many chunks that can fit
             * in hyperslab buffer. Hyperslab will be increased starting from
             * the last dimension of the dataset (see h5dump's dims output).
             * The calculation boundary is dataset dims.
             * In the loop, used mapping from a datum to a chunk to figure out
             * chunk based hyperslab.
             */
            for (k = rank_dset; k > 0; --k) {
                /* map dataset dimensions with a chunk dims */
                chunk_dims_map[k - 1] = dims_dset[k - 1] / dims_chunk[k - 1];

                /* if reminder exist, increase by 1 to cover partial edge chunks */
                if (dims_dset[k - 1] % dims_chunk[k - 1] > 0)
                    chunk_dims_map[k - 1]++;

                /* get mapped hyperslab dims */
                hs_dims_map[k - 1] = MIN(nchunk_fit, chunk_dims_map[k - 1]);

                /* prepare next round */
                nchunk_fit = nchunk_fit / chunk_dims_map[k - 1];
                /* if a chunk is bigger than the rest of buffer */
                if (nchunk_fit == 0)
                    nchunk_fit = 1;

                /* get hyperslab dimensions as unmapping to actual size */
                dims_hslab[k - 1] = MIN((hs_dims_map[k - 1] * dims_chunk[k - 1]), dims_dset[k - 1]);

                /* calculate total size for the hyperslab */
                hslab_nbytes *= dims_hslab[k - 1];
            }
        }
        /* 2. if a chunk is bigger than hyperslab buffer */
        else {
            /* Calculate a hyperslab that contains as many data elements that
             * can fit in hyperslab buffer. Hyperslab will be increased
             * starting from the last dimension of the chunk (see h5dump's dims
             * output).
             * The calculation boundary is a chunk dims.
             */
            for (k = rank_dset; k > 0; --k) {
                ndatum_fit = H5TOOLS_BUFSIZE / hslab_nbytes;

                /* if a datum is bigger than rest of buffer */
                if (ndatum_fit == 0)
                    ndatum_fit = 1;
                /* get hyperslab dimensions within a chunk boundary */
                dims_hslab[k - 1] = MIN(dims_chunk[k - 1], ndatum_fit);

                /* calculate total size for the hyperslab */
                hslab_nbytes *= dims_hslab[k - 1];

                if (hslab_nbytes <= 0)
                    H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "calculate total size for the hyperslab failed");
            }
        }
    }
    /* 3. if dataset is not chunked */
    else {
        /* Calculate a hyperslab that contains as many data elements that can
         * fit in hyperslab buffer. Hyperslab will be increased starting from
         * the last dimension of the dataset (see h5dump's dims output).
         * The calculation boundary is dataset dims.
         */
        for (k = rank_dset; k > 0; --k) {
            ndatum_fit = H5TOOLS_BUFSIZE / hslab_nbytes;

            /* if a datum is bigger than rest of buffer */
            if (ndatum_fit == 0)
                ndatum_fit = 1;
            /* get hyperslab dimensions within dataset boundary */
            dims_hslab[k - 1] = MIN(dims_dset[k - 1], ndatum_fit);

            /* calculate total size for the hyperslab */
            hslab_nbytes *= dims_hslab[k - 1];

            if (hslab_nbytes <= 0)
                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "calculate total size for the hyperslab failed");
        }
    }

    /* pass out the hyperslab size*/
    *hslab_nbytes_p = hslab_nbytes;

done:
    return ret_value;
} /* end get_hyperslab() */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function: do_copy_objects
 *
 * Purpose:  duplicate all HDF5 objects in the file
 *
 * Return:   0, ok, -1 no
 *
 *  A threshold of H5TOOLS_MALLOCSIZE (128 MB) is the limit upon which I/O hyperslab is done
 *  i.e., if the memory needed to read a dataset is greater than this limit,
 *  then hyperslab I/O is done instead of one operation I/O
 *  For each dataset, the memory needed is calculated according to
 *
 *  memory needed = number of elements * size of each element
 *
 *  if the memory needed is lower than H5TOOLS_MALLOCSIZE, then the following operations
 *  are done
 *
 *  H5Dread( input_dataset1 )
 *  H5Dread( input_dataset2 )
 *
 *  with all elements in the datasets selected. If the memory needed is greater than
 *  H5TOOLS_MALLOCSIZE, then the following operations are done instead:
 *
 *  a strip mine is defined for each dimension k (a strip mine is defined as a
 *  hyperslab whose size is memory manageable) according to the formula
 *
 *  (1) strip_mine_size[k ] = MIN(dimension[k ], H5TOOLS_BUFSIZE / size of memory type)
 *
 *  where H5TOOLS_BUFSIZE is a constant currently defined as 1MB. This formula assures
 *  that for small datasets (small relative to the H5TOOLS_BUFSIZE constant), the strip
 *  mine size k is simply defined as its dimension k, but for larger datasets the
 *  hyperslab size is still memory manageable.
 *  a cycle is done until the number of elements in the dataset is reached. In each
 *  iteration, two parameters are defined for the function H5Sselect_hyperslab,
 *  the start and size of each hyperslab, according to
 *
 *  (2) hyperslab_size [k] = MIN(dimension[k] - hyperslab_offset[k], strip_mine_size [k])
 *
 *  where hyperslab_offset [k] is initially set to zero, and later incremented in
 *  hyperslab_size[k] offsets. The reason for the operation
 *
 *  dimension[k] - hyperslab_offset[k]
 *
 *  in (2) is that, when using the strip mine size, it assures that the "remaining" part
 *  of the dataset that does not fill an entire strip mine is processed.
 *
 *  1. figure out a hyperslab (dimensions) and size  (refer to get_hyperslab()).
 *  2. Calculate the hyperslab selections as the selection is moving forward.
 *     Selection would be same as the hyperslab except for the remaining edge portion
 *     of the dataset. The code take care of the remaining portion if exist.
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

int
do_copy_objects(hid_t fidin, hid_t fidout, trav_table_t *travt, pack_opt_t *options) /* repack options */
{
    hid_t              grp_in        = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* group ID */
    hid_t              grp_out       = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* group ID */
    hid_t              dset_in       = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* read dataset ID */
    hid_t              dset_out      = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* write dataset ID */
    hid_t              gcpl_in       = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* group creation property list */
    hid_t              gcpl_out      = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* group creation property list */
    hid_t              type_in       = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* named type ID */
    hid_t              type_out      = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* named type ID */
    hid_t              dcpl_in       = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* dataset creation property list ID */
    hid_t              dcpl_out      = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* dataset creation property list ID */
    hid_t              f_space_id    = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* file space ID */
    hid_t              ftype_id      = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* file type ID */
    hid_t              wtype_id      = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* read/write type ID */
    hid_t              ocpl_id       = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* property to pass copy options */
    hid_t              lcpl_id       = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* link creation property list */
    hid_t              dxpl_id       = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* dataset transfer property list */
    named_dt_t        *named_dt_head = NULL;            /* Pointer to the stack of named datatypes copied */
    size_t             msize;                           /* size of type */
    hsize_t            nelmts;                          /* number of elements in dataset */
    H5D_space_status_t space_status;       /* determines whether space has been allocated for the dataset  */
    int                rank;               /* rank of dataset */
    hsize_t            dims[H5S_MAX_RANK]; /* dimensions of dataset */
    hsize_t            dsize_in;           /* input dataset size before filter */
    hsize_t            dsize_out;          /* output dataset size after filter */
    int                apply_s;            /* flag for apply filter to small dataset sizes */
    int                apply_f;            /* flag for apply filter to return error on H5Dcreate */
    void              *buf       = NULL;   /* buffer for raw data */
    void              *hslab_buf = NULL;   /* hyperslab buffer for raw data */
    int                has_filter;         /* current object has a filter */
    int                req_filter;         /* there was a request for a filter */
    int                req_obj_layout = 0; /* request layout to current object */
    unsigned           crt_order_flags;    /* group creation order flag */
    H5_timer_t         timer;              /* Timer for read/write operations */
    H5_timevals_t      times;              /* Elapsed time for each operation */
    static double      read_time  = 0;
    static double      write_time = 0;
    h5tool_link_info_t linkinfo;
    unsigned           i;
    unsigned           u;
    int                ifil;
    int                is_ref = 0;
    htri_t             is_named;
    htri_t             is_vlen = 0;
    bool               limit_maxdims;
    hsize_t            size_dset;
    int                ret_value = 0;

    /* init linkinfo struct */
    memset(&linkinfo, 0, sizeof(h5tool_link_info_t));

    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * copy the supplied object list
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */

    if (options->verbose > 0) {
        if (options->verbose == 2) {
            printf("-----------------------------------------------------------------\n");
            printf(" Type     Filter (Compression)        Timing read/write    Name\n");
            printf("-----------------------------------------------------------------\n");
        }
        else {
            printf("-----------------------------------------\n");
            printf(" Type     Filter (Compression)     Name\n");
            printf("-----------------------------------------\n");
        }
    }

    if (travt->objs) {
        for (i = 0; i < travt->nobjs; i++) {
            /* init variables per obj */
            buf           = NULL;
            limit_maxdims = false;

            switch (travt->objs[i].type) {
                case H5TRAV_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
                    break;

                    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     * H5TRAV_TYPE_GROUP
                     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     */
                case H5TRAV_TYPE_GROUP:
                    if (options->verbose > 0) {
                        if (options->verbose == 2)
                            printf(FORMAT_OBJ_NOTIME, "group", travt->objs[i].name);
                        else
                            printf(FORMAT_OBJ, "group", travt->objs[i].name);
                    }

                    /* open input group */
                    if ((grp_in = H5Gopen2(fidin, travt->objs[i].name, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Gopen2 failed");

                    /* get input group creation property list */
                    if ((gcpl_in = H5Gget_create_plist(grp_in)) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Gget_create_plist failed");

                    /* query and set the group creation properties */
                    if (H5Pget_link_creation_order(gcpl_in, &crt_order_flags) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pget_link_creation_order failed");

                    /* set up group creation property list */
                    if ((gcpl_out = H5Pcreate(H5P_GROUP_CREATE)) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate failed");

                    if (H5Pset_link_creation_order(gcpl_out, crt_order_flags) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_link_creation_order failed");

                    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     * the root is a special case, we get an ID for the root group
                     * and copy its attributes using that ID
                     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     */
                    if (strcmp(travt->objs[i].name, "/") == 0) {
                        if ((grp_out = H5Gopen2(fidout, "/", H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Gopen2 failed");
                    }
                    else {
                        if (options->grp_compact > 0 || options->grp_indexed > 0)
                            if (H5Pset_link_phase_change(gcpl_out, (unsigned)options->grp_compact,
                                                         (unsigned)options->grp_indexed) < 0)
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_link_phase_change failed");

                        if ((grp_out = H5Gcreate2(fidout, travt->objs[i].name, H5P_DEFAULT, gcpl_out,
                                                  H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Gcreate2 failed");
                    }

                    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     * copy attrs
                     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     */
                    if (copy_attr(grp_in, grp_out, &named_dt_head, travt, options) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "copy_attr failed");

                    if (H5Pclose(gcpl_out) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pclose failed");
                    if (H5Pclose(gcpl_in) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pclose failed");
                    if (H5Gclose(grp_out) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Gclose failed");
                    if (H5Gclose(grp_in) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Gclose failed");

                    break;

                /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 * H5TRAV_TYPE_DATASET
                 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 */
                case H5TRAV_TYPE_DATASET: {
                    bool use_h5ocopy;

                    read_time  = 0.0;
                    write_time = 0.0;

                    has_filter = 0;
                    req_filter = 0;

                    /* check if global filters were requested */
                    if (options->n_filter_g)
                        req_filter = 1;

                    /* check if filters were requested for individual objects */
                    if (options->op_tbl->objs) {
                        for (u = 0; u < options->op_tbl->nelems; u++) {
                            if (strcmp(travt->objs[i].name, options->op_tbl->objs[u].path) == 0)
                                for (ifil = 0; ifil < options->op_tbl->objs[ifil].nfilters; ifil++) {
                                    if (options->op_tbl->objs[u].filter[ifil].filtn > 0)
                                        req_filter = 1;
                                }
                        }
                    }

                    /* check if layout change requested individual object */
                    if (options->layout_g != H5D_LAYOUT_ERROR) {
                        pack_info_t *pckinfo;

                        /* any dataset is specified */
                        if (options->op_tbl->nelems > 0) {
                            /* check if object exist */
                            pckinfo = options_get_object(travt->objs[i].name, options->op_tbl);
                            if (pckinfo)
                                req_obj_layout = 1;
                        }
                    }

                    /* early detection of references */
                    if ((dset_in = H5Dopen2(fidin, travt->objs[i].name, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dopen2 failed");
                    if ((ftype_id = H5Dget_type(dset_in)) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dget_type failed");
                    if (H5T_REFERENCE == H5Tget_class(ftype_id))
                        is_ref = 1;

                    /* early detection of variable-length types */
                    if ((is_vlen = H5Tdetect_class(ftype_id, H5T_VLEN)) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Tdetect_class failed");
                    if (!is_vlen) {
                        if ((is_vlen = H5Tis_variable_str(ftype_id)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Tis_variable_str failed");
                    }

                    /* Check if the datatype is committed */
                    if ((is_named = H5Tcommitted(ftype_id)) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Tcommitted failed");
                    if (is_named)
                        if ((wtype_id =
                                 copy_named_datatype(ftype_id, fidout, &named_dt_head, travt, options)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "copy_named_datatype failed");

                    if (H5Tclose(ftype_id) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Tclose failed");
                    if (H5Dclose(dset_in) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dclose failed");

                    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     * check if we should use H5Ocopy or not
                     * if there is a request for filters/layout, we read/write the object
                     * otherwise we do a copy using H5Ocopy
                     *
                     * Note that H5Ocopy is currently unsafe to use for objects that reside in
                     * or interact with global heaps, such as variable-length datatypes. This
                     * appears to be due to H5Ocopy not correctly translating in the case where
                     * these objects move to different global heap addresses in the repacked
                     * file.
                     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     */
                    use_h5ocopy = !(options->op_tbl->nelems || options->all_filter == 1 ||
                                    options->all_layout == 1 || is_ref || is_vlen || is_named);

                    /*
                     * Check if we are using different source and destination VOL connectors.
                     * In this case, we currently have to avoid usage of H5Ocopy since it
                     * doesn't support this.
                     */
                    if (use_h5ocopy &&
                        (options->fin_vol || options->fout_vol || options->fin_vfd || options->fout_vfd)) {
                        hid_t in_vol_id;
                        hid_t out_vol_id;
                        hid_t default_vol_id;

                        if (H5Pget_vol_id(H5P_FILE_ACCESS_DEFAULT, &default_vol_id) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pget_vol_id failed");

                        if (options->fin_fapl == H5P_DEFAULT)
                            in_vol_id = default_vol_id;
                        else if (H5Pget_vol_id(options->fin_fapl, &in_vol_id) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pget_vol_id failed");
                        if (options->fout_fapl == H5P_DEFAULT)
                            out_vol_id = default_vol_id;
                        else if (H5Pget_vol_id(options->fout_fapl, &out_vol_id) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pget_vol_id failed");

                        if (in_vol_id != out_vol_id)
                            use_h5ocopy = false;

                        if (in_vol_id != default_vol_id)
                            if (H5VLclose(in_vol_id) < 0)
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5VLclose failed");
                        if (out_vol_id != default_vol_id)
                            if (H5VLclose(out_vol_id) < 0)
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5VLclose failed");
                        if (H5VLclose(default_vol_id) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5VLclose failed");
                    }

                    if (!use_h5ocopy) {
                        int j;

                        if ((dset_in = H5Dopen2(fidin, travt->objs[i].name, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dopen2 failed");
                        if ((f_space_id = H5Dget_space(dset_in)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dget_space failed");
                        if ((ftype_id = H5Dget_type(dset_in)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dget_type failed");
                        if ((dcpl_in = H5Dget_create_plist(dset_in)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dget_create_plist failed");
                        if ((rank = H5Sget_simple_extent_ndims(f_space_id)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Sget_simple_extent_ndims failed");
                        memset(dims, 0, sizeof dims);
                        if (H5Sget_simple_extent_dims(f_space_id, dims, NULL) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Sget_simple_extent_dims failed");
                        if (H5Dget_space_status(dset_in, &space_status) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dget_space_status failed");

                        /* If the input dataset has external storage, it must be contiguous.
                         * Accordingly, there would be no filter or chunk properties to preserve,
                         * so create a new DCPL.
                         * Otherwise, copy dcpl_in.
                         */
                        if (H5Pget_external_count(dcpl_in)) {
                            if ((dcpl_out = H5Pcreate(H5P_DATASET_CREATE)) < 0)
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate failed");
                        }
                        else if ((dcpl_out = H5Pcopy(dcpl_in)) < 0) {
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcopy failed");
                        }

                        nelmts = 1;
                        for (j = 0; j < rank; j++)
                            nelmts *= dims[j];

                        /* wtype_id will have already been set if using a named dtype */
                        if (!is_named) {
                            if (options->use_native == 1)
                                wtype_id = H5Tget_native_type(ftype_id, H5T_DIR_DEFAULT);
                            else
                                wtype_id = H5Tcopy(ftype_id);
                        }

                        if ((msize = H5Tget_size(wtype_id)) == 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Tget_size failed");

                        /* size of current dset */
                        size_dset = nelmts * msize;

                        /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         * check if the dataset creation property list has filters that
                         * are not registered in the current configuration
                         * 1) the external filters GZIP and SZIP might not be available
                         * 2) the internal filters might be turned off
                         *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         */
                        if (h5tools_canreadf((travt->objs[i].name), dcpl_in) == 1) {
                            apply_s = 1;
                            apply_f = 1;

                            /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             * references are a special case
                             * we cannot just copy the buffers, but instead we recreate the reference
                             * in a second traversal of the output file
                             *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             */
                            if (H5T_REFERENCE != H5Tget_class(wtype_id)) {
                                /* get the storage size of the input dataset */
                                dsize_in = H5Dget_storage_size(dset_in);

                                /* check for small size datasets (less than 1k) except
                                 * changing to COMPACT. For the reference, COMPACT is limited
                                 * by size 64K by library.
                                 */
                                if (options->layout_g != H5D_COMPACT)
                                    if (size_dset < options->min_comp)
                                        apply_s = 0;

                                /* apply the filter */
                                if (apply_s)
                                    if (apply_filters(travt->objs[i].name, rank, dims, msize, dcpl_out,
                                                      options, &has_filter) < 0)
                                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "apply_filters failed");

                                /* only if layout change requested for entire file or
                                 * individual obj */
                                if (options->all_layout > 0 || req_obj_layout == 1) {
                                    /*-------------------------------------------------
                                     * Unset the unlimited max dims if convert to other
                                     * than chunk layouts, because unlimited max dims
                                     * only can be applied to chunk layout.
                                     * Also perform only for targeted dataset
                                     * Also check for size limit to convert to compact
                                     *-------------------------------------------------*/
                                    if (options->layout_g != H5D_CHUNKED) {
                                        /* any dataset is specified */
                                        if (options->op_tbl->nelems > 0) {
                                            /* if current obj match specified obj */
                                            if (options_get_object(travt->objs[i].name, options->op_tbl))
                                                limit_maxdims = true;
                                        }
                                        else /* no dataset is specified */
                                            limit_maxdims = true;

                                        /* if convert to COMPACT */
                                        if (options->layout_g == H5D_COMPACT)
                                            if (size_dset > MAX_COMPACT_DSIZE)
                                                limit_maxdims = false;

                                        /* unset unlimited max dims */
                                        if (limit_maxdims)
                                            H5Sset_extent_simple(f_space_id, rank, dims, NULL);
                                    } /* end if not chunked */
                                } /* end if layout change requested for entire file or individual object */

                                /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 * create the output dataset;
                                 * disable error checking in case the dataset cannot be created with the
                                 * modified dcpl; in that case use the original instead
                                 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 */
                                dset_out = H5Dcreate2(fidout, travt->objs[i].name, wtype_id, f_space_id,
                                                      H5P_DEFAULT, dcpl_out, H5P_DEFAULT);
                                if (dset_out == H5I_INVALID_HID) {
                                    H5TOOLS_INFO("H5Dcreate2 failed");
                                    if (options->verbose > 0)
                                        printf(" warning: could not create dataset <%s>. Applying original "
                                               "settings\n",
                                               travt->objs[i].name);

                                    if ((dset_out =
                                             H5Dcreate2(fidout, travt->objs[i].name, wtype_id, f_space_id,
                                                        H5P_DEFAULT, dcpl_in, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
                                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dcreate2 failed");
                                    apply_f = 0;
                                } /* end if retry dataset create */

                                /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 * read/write
                                 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 */
                                if (nelmts > 0 && space_status != H5D_SPACE_STATUS_NOT_ALLOCATED) {
                                    size_t need = (size_t)(nelmts * msize); /* bytes needed */

                                    /* have to read the whole dataset if there is only one element in the
                                     * dataset */
                                    if (need < H5TOOLS_MALLOCSIZE)
                                        buf = malloc(need);

                                    /* Set up collective write if using filters in parallel */
                                    {
#ifdef H5_HAVE_PARALLEL
                                        bool parallel = (H5FD_MPIO == H5Pget_driver(options->fout_fapl));

                                        if (parallel && apply_s && apply_f) {
                                            if ((dxpl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_DATASET_XFER)) < 0)
                                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate failed");
                                            if (H5Pset_dxpl_mpio(dxpl_id, H5FD_MPIO_COLLECTIVE) < 0)
                                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_dxpl_mpio failed");
                                        }
                                        else
#endif
                                            dxpl_id = H5P_DEFAULT;
                                    }

                                    if (buf != NULL) {
                                        if (options->verbose == 2) {
                                            H5_timer_init(&timer);
                                            H5_timer_start(&timer);
                                        }
                                        if (H5Dread(dset_in, wtype_id, H5S_ALL, H5S_ALL, H5P_DEFAULT, buf) <
                                            0)
                                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dread failed");
                                        if (options->verbose == 2) {
                                            H5_timer_stop(&timer);
                                            H5_timer_get_times(timer, &times);
                                            read_time += times.elapsed;
                                            H5_timer_init(&timer);
                                            H5_timer_start(&timer);
                                        }
                                        if (H5Dwrite(dset_out, wtype_id, H5S_ALL, H5S_ALL, dxpl_id, buf) < 0)
                                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dwrite failed");
                                        if (options->verbose == 2) {
                                            H5_timer_stop(&timer);
                                            H5_timer_get_times(timer, &times);
                                            write_time += times.elapsed;
                                        }

                                        /* Check if we have VL data in the dataset's
                                         * datatype that must be reclaimed */
                                        if (true == H5Tdetect_class(wtype_id, H5T_VLEN))
                                            if (H5Treclaim(wtype_id, f_space_id, H5P_DEFAULT, buf) < 0)
                                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Treclaim failed");

                                        if (buf != NULL) { /* TODO: is buf potentially released by
                                                              H5Dvlen_reclaim()? */
                                            free(buf);
                                            buf = NULL;
                                        }
                                    }
                                    else { /* possibly not enough memory, read/write by hyperslabs */
                                        size_t       p_type_nbytes = msize;  /*size of memory type */
                                        hsize_t      p_nelmts      = nelmts; /*total elements */
                                        hsize_t      elmtno;                 /*counter  */
                                        int          carry;                  /*counter carry value */
                                        unsigned int vl_data = 0;            /*contains VL datatypes */

                                        /* hyperslab info */
                                        hsize_t hslab_dims[H5S_MAX_RANK]; /*hyperslab dims */
                                        hsize_t hslab_nbytes;             /*bytes per hyperslab */
                                        hsize_t hslab_nelmts;             /*elements per hyperslab*/
                                        hid_t   hslab_space;              /*hyperslab data space */

                                        /* hyperslab selection info */
                                        hsize_t      hs_sel_offset[H5S_MAX_RANK]; /* selection offset */
                                        hsize_t      hs_sel_count[H5S_MAX_RANK];  /* selection count */
                                        hsize_t      hs_select_nelmts;            /* selected elements */
                                        hsize_t      zero[8];                     /*vector of zeros */
                                        int          k;
                                        H5D_layout_t dset_layout;
                                        hid_t        dcpl_tmp =
                                            H5I_INVALID_HID; /* dataset creation property list ID */

                                        /* check if we have VL data in the dataset's datatype */
                                        if (H5Tdetect_class(wtype_id, H5T_VLEN) == true)
                                            vl_data = true;

                                        /* check first if writing dataset is chunked,
                                         * if so use its chunk layout for better performance. */
                                        dset_layout = H5Pget_layout(dcpl_out);
                                        if (dset_layout == H5D_CHUNKED)
                                            dcpl_tmp = dcpl_out; /* writing dataset */
                                        else {
                                            dset_layout = H5Pget_layout(dcpl_in);
                                            if (dset_layout == H5D_CHUNKED)
                                                dcpl_tmp = dcpl_in; /* reading dataset */
                                        }

                                        /* get hyperslab dims and size in byte */
                                        if (get_hyperslab(dcpl_tmp, rank, dims, p_type_nbytes, hslab_dims,
                                                          &hslab_nbytes) < 0)
                                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "get_hyperslab failed");

                                        hslab_buf = malloc((size_t)hslab_nbytes);
                                        if (hslab_buf == NULL)
                                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "can't allocate space for hyperslab");

                                        hslab_nelmts = hslab_nbytes / p_type_nbytes;
                                        hslab_space  = H5Screate_simple(1, &hslab_nelmts, NULL);

                                        /* the hyperslab selection loop */
                                        memset(hs_sel_offset, 0, sizeof hs_sel_offset);
                                        memset(zero, 0, sizeof zero);

                                        for (elmtno = 0; elmtno < p_nelmts; elmtno += hs_select_nelmts) {
                                            if (rank > 0) {
                                                /* calculate the hyperslab selections.
                                                 * The selection would be same as the hyperslab
                                                 * except for remaining edge portion of the dataset
                                                 * which is smaller then the hyperslab.
                                                 */
                                                for (k = 0, hs_select_nelmts = 1; k < rank; k++) {
                                                    /* MIN() is used to get the remaining edge portion if
                                                     * exist. "dims[k] - hs_sel_offset[k]" is remaining edge
                                                     * portion that is smaller then the hyperslab.*/
                                                    hs_sel_count[k] =
                                                        MIN(dims[k] - hs_sel_offset[k], hslab_dims[k]);
                                                    hs_select_nelmts *= hs_sel_count[k];
                                                }

                                                if (H5Sselect_hyperslab(f_space_id, H5S_SELECT_SET,
                                                                        hs_sel_offset, NULL, hs_sel_count,
                                                                        NULL) < 0)
                                                    H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Sselect_hyperslab failed");
                                                if (H5Sselect_hyperslab(hslab_space, H5S_SELECT_SET, zero,
                                                                        NULL, &hs_select_nelmts, NULL) < 0)
                                                    H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Sselect_hyperslab failed");
                                            } /* end if rank > 0 */
                                            else {
                                                H5Sselect_all(f_space_id);
                                                H5Sselect_all(hslab_space);
                                                hs_select_nelmts = 1;
                                            } /* end (else) rank  == 0 */

                                            if (options->verbose == 2) {
                                                H5_timer_init(&timer);
                                                H5_timer_start(&timer);
                                            }
                                            if (H5Dread(dset_in, wtype_id, hslab_space, f_space_id,
                                                        H5P_DEFAULT, hslab_buf) < 0)
                                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dread failed");
                                            if (options->verbose == 2) {
                                                H5_timer_stop(&timer);
                                                H5_timer_get_times(timer, &times);
                                                read_time += times.elapsed;
                                                H5_timer_init(&timer);
                                                H5_timer_start(&timer);
                                            }
                                            if (H5Dwrite(dset_out, wtype_id, hslab_space, f_space_id, dxpl_id,
                                                         hslab_buf) < 0)
                                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dwrite failed");
                                            if (options->verbose == 2) {
                                                H5_timer_stop(&timer);
                                                H5_timer_get_times(timer, &times);
                                                write_time += times.elapsed;
                                            }

                                            /* reclaim any VL memory, if necessary */
                                            if (vl_data)
                                                H5Treclaim(wtype_id, hslab_space, H5P_DEFAULT, hslab_buf);

                                            /* calculate the next hyperslab offset */
                                            for (k = rank, carry = 1; k > 0 && carry; --k) {
                                                hs_sel_offset[k - 1] += hs_sel_count[k - 1];
                                                /* if reached the end of a dim */
                                                if (hs_sel_offset[k - 1] == dims[k - 1])
                                                    hs_sel_offset[k - 1] = 0;
                                                else
                                                    carry = 0;
                                            }
                                        } /* end for (hyperslab selection loop) */

                                        H5Sclose(hslab_space);
                                        if (hslab_buf != NULL) {
                                            free(hslab_buf);
                                            hslab_buf = NULL;
                                        }
                                    } /* end if reading/writing by hyperslab */
                                } /* end if (nelmts > 0 && space_status != H5D_SPACE_STATUS_NOT_ALLOCATED) */

                                /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 * print amount of compression used
                                 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 */
                                if (options->verbose > 0) {
                                    double ratio = 0;

                                    /* only print the compression ratio if there was a filter request */
                                    if (apply_s && apply_f && req_filter) {
                                        /* get the storage size of the output dataset */
                                        dsize_out = H5Dget_storage_size(dset_out);

                                        /* compression ratio = uncompressed size /  compressed size */
                                        if (dsize_out != 0)
                                            ratio = (double)dsize_in / (double)dsize_out;
                                        print_dataset_info(dcpl_out, travt->objs[i].name, ratio, 1, options,
                                                           read_time, write_time);
                                    }
                                    else
                                        print_dataset_info(dcpl_in, travt->objs[i].name, ratio, 0, options,
                                                           read_time, write_time);

                                    /* print a message that the filter was not applied
                                     * (in case there was a filter)
                                     */
                                    if (has_filter && apply_s == 0)
                                        printf(" <warning: filter not applied to %s. dataset smaller than "
                                               "%d bytes>\n",
                                               travt->objs[i].name, (int)options->min_comp);

                                    if (has_filter && apply_f == 0)
                                        printf(" <warning: could not apply the filter to %s>\n",
                                               travt->objs[i].name);
                                } /* end if verbose (print compression) */

                                /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 * copy attrs
                                 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 */
                                if (copy_attr(dset_in, dset_out, &named_dt_head, travt, options) < 0)
                                    H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "copy_attr failed");

                                if (H5Dclose(dset_out) < 0)
                                    H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dclose failed");
                            } /* end if not a reference */
                        }     /* end if h5tools_canreadf (filter availability check) */

                        /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         * Close
                         *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         */
                        if (H5Tclose(ftype_id) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Tclose failed");
                        if (H5Tclose(wtype_id) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Tclose failed");
                        if (H5Pclose(dcpl_in) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pclose failed");
                        if (H5Pclose(dcpl_out) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pclose failed");
                        if (H5Sclose(f_space_id) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Sclose failed");
                        if (H5Dclose(dset_in) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dclose failed");
                    }
                    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     * We do not have request for filter/chunking; use H5Ocopy instead
                     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     */
                    else {
                        /* create property to pass copy options */
                        if ((ocpl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_OBJECT_COPY)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate failed");

                        /* set options for object copy */
                        if (H5Pset_copy_object(ocpl_id, H5O_COPY_WITHOUT_ATTR_FLAG) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_copy_object failed");

                        if (options->verbose == 2) {
                            H5_timer_init(&timer);
                            H5_timer_start(&timer);
                        }
                        if (H5Ocopy(fidin,               /* Source file or group identifier */
                                    travt->objs[i].name, /* Name of the source object to be copied */
                                    fidout,              /* Destination file or group identifier  */
                                    travt->objs[i].name, /* Name of the destination object  */
                                    ocpl_id,             /* Properties which apply to the copy   */
                                    H5P_DEFAULT) < 0)    /* Properties which apply to the new hard link */
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Ocopy failed");
                        if (options->verbose == 2) {
                            H5_timer_stop(&timer);
                            H5_timer_get_times(timer, &times);
                            write_time += times.elapsed;
                        }

                        if (H5Pclose(ocpl_id) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pclose failed");
                        ocpl_id = H5I_INVALID_HID;

                        /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         * Copy attrs manually
                         *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         */
                        if ((dset_in = H5Dopen2(fidin, travt->objs[i].name, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dopen2 failed");
                        if ((dset_out = H5Dopen2(fidout, travt->objs[i].name, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dopen2 failed");
                        if (copy_attr(dset_in, dset_out, &named_dt_head, travt, options) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "copy_attr failed");
                        if (H5Dclose(dset_in) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dclose failed");
                        if (H5Dclose(dset_out) < 0)
                            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Dclose failed");

                        if (options->verbose > 0) {
                            if (options->verbose == 2)
                                printf(FORMAT_OBJ_TIME, "dset", 0.0, write_time, travt->objs[i].name);
                            else
                                printf(FORMAT_OBJ, "dset", travt->objs[i].name);
                        }

                    } /* end whether we have request for filter/chunking */

                    break;
                } /* H5TRAV_TYPE_DATASET */

                /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 * H5TRAV_TYPE_NAMED_DATATYPE
                 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 */
                case H5TRAV_TYPE_NAMED_DATATYPE:
                    if (options->verbose > 0) {
                        if (options->verbose == 2)
                            printf(FORMAT_OBJ_NOTIME, "type", travt->objs[i].name);
                        else
                            printf(FORMAT_OBJ, "type", travt->objs[i].name);
                    }

                    if ((type_in = H5Topen2(fidin, travt->objs[i].name, H5P_DEFAULT)) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Topen2 failed");

                    /* Copy the datatype anonymously */
                    if ((type_out = copy_named_datatype(type_in, fidout, &named_dt_head, travt, options)) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "copy_named_datatype failed");

                    /* Link in to group structure */
                    if (H5Lcreate_hard(type_out, ".", fidout, travt->objs[i].name, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT) <
                        0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Lcreate_hard failed");

                    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     * copy attrs
                     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     */
                    if (copy_attr(type_in, type_out, &named_dt_head, travt, options) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "copy_attr failed");

                    if (H5Tclose(type_in) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Tclose failed");
                    if (H5Tclose(type_out) < 0)
                        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Tclose failed");
                    type_out = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* named datatypes stack, named_dt_head, manages allocation */

                    break;

                /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 * H5TRAV_TYPE_LINK
                 * H5TRAV_TYPE_UDLINK
                 *
                 * Only handles external links; H5Lcopy will fail for other UD link types
                 * since we don't have creation or copy callbacks for them.
                 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 */
                case H5TRAV_TYPE_LINK:
                case H5TRAV_TYPE_UDLINK:
                    if (options->verbose > 0) {
                        if (options->verbose == 2)
                            printf(FORMAT_OBJ_NOTIME, "link", travt->objs[i].name);
                        else
                            printf(FORMAT_OBJ, "link", travt->objs[i].name);
                    }

                    /* Check -X option. */
                    if (options->merge) {
                        if (H5tools_get_symlink_info(fidin, travt->objs[i].name, &linkinfo, 1) == 0) {
                            /* dangling link */
                            if (options->prune) {
                                printf("Pruned %s.\n", travt->objs[i].name);
                            }
                            else {
                                if (H5Lcopy(fidin, travt->objs[i].name, fidout, travt->objs[i].name,
                                            H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT) < 0)
                                    H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Lcopy failed");
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            /* valid link */
                            /* create property to pass copy options */
                            if ((ocpl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_OBJECT_COPY)) < 0)
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate create property failed");

                            /* set options for object copy */
                            if (H5Pset_copy_object(ocpl_id, H5O_COPY_EXPAND_EXT_LINK_FLAG) < 0)
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_copy_object failed");

                            /* Create link creation property list */
                            if ((lcpl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_LINK_CREATE)) < 0) {
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pcreate link creation property failed");
                            }

                            /* Set flag for intermediate group creation */
                            if (H5Pset_create_intermediate_group(lcpl_id, true) < 0)
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pset_create_intermediate_group failed");

                            if (H5Ocopy(fidin, travt->objs[i].name, fidout, travt->objs[i].name, ocpl_id,
                                        lcpl_id) < 0)
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Ocopy failed");

                            if (H5Pclose(lcpl_id) < 0)
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pclose failed");

                            if (H5Pclose(ocpl_id) < 0)
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pclose failed");
                        }

                        /* free link info path */
                        if (linkinfo.trg_path)
                            free(linkinfo.trg_path);
                        linkinfo.trg_path = NULL;
                    } /* options->merge */
                    else {
                        if (options->prune) {
                            printf("Pruned %s.\n", travt->objs[i].name);
                        }
                        else {
                            if (H5Lcopy(fidin, travt->objs[i].name, fidout, travt->objs[i].name, H5P_DEFAULT,
                                        H5P_DEFAULT) < 0)
                                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Lcopy failed");
                        }
                    }
                    break;

                default:
                    H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "Object type not found");
            } /* switch */
        }     /* end for each object to traverse */
    }         /* end if there are objects */

done:

    /* Finalize (link) the stack of named datatypes (if any) first
     * because of reference counting */
    if (0 == ret_value && named_dt_head != NULL) {
        if (named_datatype_free(&named_dt_head, 0) < 0)
            H5TOOLS_ERROR((-1), "named_datatype_free failed");
    }
    else {
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            named_datatype_free(&named_dt_head, 1);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY
    }

    /* free link info path */
    if (linkinfo.trg_path)
        free(linkinfo.trg_path);

    H5E_BEGIN_TRY
    {
        H5Gclose(grp_in);
        H5Gclose(grp_out);
        H5Pclose(lcpl_id);
        H5Pclose(ocpl_id);
        H5Pclose(dcpl_in);
        H5Pclose(gcpl_in);
        H5Pclose(gcpl_out);
        H5Pclose(dxpl_id);
        H5Sclose(f_space_id);
        H5Dclose(dset_in);
        H5Dclose(dset_out);
        H5Tclose(ftype_id);
        H5Tclose(wtype_id);
        H5Tclose(type_in);
        H5Tclose(type_out);
    }
    H5E_END_TRY

    /* free */
    if (buf != NULL)
        free(buf);
    if (hslab_buf != NULL)
        free(hslab_buf);

    return ret_value;
} /* end do_copy_objects() */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function: print_dataset_info
 *
 * Purpose: print name, filters, percentage compression of a dataset
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
print_dataset_info(hid_t dcpl_id, char *objname, double ratio, int pr, pack_opt_t *options, double read_time,
                   double write_time)
{
    char strfilter[255];
#if defined(PRINT_DEBUG)
    char temp[255];
#endif
    int          nfilters;       /* number of filters */
    unsigned     filt_flags;     /* filter flags */
    H5Z_filter_t filtn;          /* filter identification number */
    unsigned     cd_values[20];  /* filter client data values */
    size_t       cd_nelmts;      /* filter client number of values */
    char         f_objname[256]; /* filter objname */
    int          i;

    strcpy(strfilter, "\0");

    /* get information about input filters */
    if ((nfilters = H5Pget_nfilters(dcpl_id)) < 0)
        return;

    for (i = 0; i < nfilters; i++) {
        cd_nelmts = NELMTS(cd_values);

        if ((filtn = H5Pget_filter2(dcpl_id, (unsigned)i, &filt_flags, &cd_nelmts, cd_values,
                                    sizeof(f_objname), f_objname, NULL)) < 0) {
            strcat(strfilter, "ERROR ");
            continue;
        }

        switch (filtn) {
            case H5Z_FILTER_NONE:
                strcat(strfilter, "NONE ");
                break;

            case H5Z_FILTER_DEFLATE:
                strcat(strfilter, "GZIP ");

#if defined(PRINT_DEBUG)
                {
                    unsigned level = cd_values[0];

                    snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), "(%d)", level);
                    strcat(strfilter, temp);
                }
#endif
                break;

            case H5Z_FILTER_SZIP:
                strcat(strfilter, "SZIP ");

#if defined(PRINT_DEBUG)
                {
                    unsigned options_mask = cd_values[0]; /* from dcpl, not filt*/
                    unsigned ppb          = cd_values[1];

                    snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), "(%d,", ppb);
                    strcat(strfilter, temp);
                    if (options_mask & H5_SZIP_EC_OPTION_MASK)
                        strcpy(temp, "EC) ");
                    else if (options_mask & H5_SZIP_NN_OPTION_MASK)
                        strcpy(temp, "NN) ");
                }
                strcat(strfilter, temp);
#endif
                break;

            case H5Z_FILTER_SHUFFLE:
                strcat(strfilter, "SHUF ");
                break;

            case H5Z_FILTER_FLETCHER32:
                strcat(strfilter, "FLET ");
                break;

            case H5Z_FILTER_NBIT:
                strcat(strfilter, "NBIT ");
                break;

            case H5Z_FILTER_SCALEOFFSET:
                strcat(strfilter, "SCALEOFFSET ");
                break;

            default:
                strcat(strfilter, "UD ");
                break;
        } /* end switch */
    }     /* end for each filter */

    if (!pr)
        if (options->verbose == 2)
            printf(FORMAT_OBJ_TIME, "dset", read_time, write_time, objname);
        else
            printf(FORMAT_OBJ, "dset", objname);
    else {
        char str[512], temp[512];

        strcpy(str, "dset     ");
        strcat(str, strfilter);
        snprintf(temp, sizeof(temp), "  (%.3f:1)", ratio);
        strcat(str, temp);
        if (options->verbose == 2)
            printf(FORMAT_OBJ_TIME, str, read_time, write_time, objname);
        else
            printf(FORMAT_OBJ, str, objname);
    }
} /* end print_dataset_info() */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function: copy_user_block
 *
 * Purpose:  copy user block from one file to another
 *
 * Return:   0, ok, -1 no
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
copy_user_block(const char *infile, const char *outfile, hsize_t size)
{
    int infid = -1, outfid = -1; /* File descriptors */
    int ret_value = 0;

    /* User block must be any power of 2 equal to 512 or greater (512, 1024, 2048, etc.) */

    /* Open files */
    if ((infid = HDopen(infile, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "HDopen failed input file <%s>", infile);
    if ((outfid = HDopen(outfile, O_WRONLY)) < 0)
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "HDopen failed output file <%s>", outfile);

    /* Copy the userblock from the input file to the output file */
    while (size > 0) {
        ssize_t     nread, nbytes;             /* # of bytes transferred, etc. */
        char        rbuf[USERBLOCK_XFER_SIZE]; /* Buffer for reading */
        const char *wbuf;                      /* Pointer into buffer, for writing */

        /* Read buffer from source file */
        if (size > USERBLOCK_XFER_SIZE)
            nread = HDread(infid, rbuf, (size_t)USERBLOCK_XFER_SIZE);
        else
            nread = HDread(infid, rbuf, (size_t)size);
        if (nread < 0)
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "HDread failed to read userblock");

        /* Write buffer to destination file */
        /* (compensating for interrupted writes & checking for errors, etc.) */
        nbytes = nread;
        wbuf   = rbuf;
        while (nbytes > 0) {
            ssize_t nwritten; /* # of bytes written */

            do {
                nwritten = HDwrite(outfid, wbuf, (size_t)nbytes);
            } while (-1 == nwritten && EINTR == errno);
            if (-1 == nwritten) /* error */
                H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "HDwrite failed");
            assert(nwritten > 0);
            assert(nwritten <= nbytes);

            /* Update # of bytes left & offset in buffer */
            nbytes -= nwritten;
            wbuf += nwritten;
            assert(nbytes == 0 || wbuf < (rbuf + USERBLOCK_XFER_SIZE));
        } /* end while */

        /* Update size of userblock left to transfer */
        size = size - (hsize_t)nread;
    } /* end while */

done:
    if (infid >= 0)
        HDclose(infid);
    if (outfid >= 0)
        HDclose(outfid);

    return ret_value;
} /* end copy_user_block() */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function: print_user_block
 *
 * Purpose:  print user block
 *
 * Return:   0, ok, -1 no
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#if defined(H5REPACK_DEBUG_USER_BLOCK)
static void
print_user_block(const char *filename, hid_t fid)
{
    int     fh = -1;                /* file handle */
    hsize_t ub_size;                /* user block size */
    hsize_t size;                   /* size read */
    hid_t   fcpl = H5I_INVALID_HID; /* file creation property list ID for HDF5 file */
    int     i;
    int     ret_value = 0;

    /* get user block size */
    if ((fcpl = H5Fget_create_plist(fid)) < 0) {
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Fget_create_plist failed to retrieve file creation property list");
    }

    if (H5Pget_userblock(fcpl, &ub_size) < 0) {
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pget_userblock failed to retrieve userblock size");
    }

    if (H5Pclose(fcpl) < 0) {
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "H5Pclose failed to close property list");
    }

    /* open file */
    if ((fh = HDopen(filename, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
        H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "HDopen failed to open file <%s>", filename);
    }

    size = ub_size;

    /* read file */
    while (size > 0) {
        ssize_t nread;                     /* # of bytes read */
        char    rbuf[USERBLOCK_XFER_SIZE]; /* buffer for reading */

        /* read buffer */
        if (size > USERBLOCK_XFER_SIZE)
            nread = HDread(fh, rbuf, (size_t)USERBLOCK_XFER_SIZE);
        else
            nread = HDread(fh, rbuf, (size_t)size);

        for (i = 0; i < nread; i++) {

            printf("%c ", rbuf[i]);
        }
        printf("\n");

        if (nread < 0) {
            H5TOOLS_GOTO_ERROR((-1), "nread < 0");
        }

        /* update size of userblock left to transfer */
        size -= nread;
    }

done:
    if (fh >= 0)
        HDclose(fh);

    return;
} /* end print_user_block() */
#endif
