# Using text to convey information that is conveyed by variations in presentation of text

ID: G117

Technology: general

Type: Technique

## When to Use

Technologies that support variations in the visual presentation of text.

## Description

The objective of this technique is to ensure that information conveyed through variations in the formatting of text is conveyed in text as well. When the visual appearance of text is varied to convey information, state the information explicitly in the text. Variations in the visual appearance can be made by changes in font face, font size, underline, strike through and various other text attributes. When these types of variations convey information, that information needs to be available elsewhere in the content via text. Including additional sections in the document or an inline description where the variation in presentation of text occurs can be used to convey the information.

## Examples

### Indicating new content with boldface and a text indicator

The following example shows a list of accessibility standards. WCAG 2.2 is new, so is indicated in bold face. To avoid conveying information solely by presentation, the word "(new)" is included after it as well.

    <h2>Web Accessibility Guidelines</h2>
    <ul>
      <li><strong>WCAG 2.2 (New)</strong></li>
      <li>WCAG 2.1</li>
      <li>WCAG 2.0</li>
      <li>Section 508</li>
      <li>JIS X 8341-3</li>
      ...
    </ul>

### Font variations and explicit statements.

An online document has gone through multiple drafts. Insertions are underlined and deletions are struck through. At the end of the draft a "change history" lists all changes made to each draft.

### Providing an alternate way to know which words in the text have been identified by using a different font.

An on-line test requires students to write a short summary of a longer document. The summary must contain certain words from the original document. When a sentence in the original document contains a word or phrase that must be used in the summary, the word or phrase is shown in a different font than the rest of the sentence. A separate section also lists all the words and phrases that must be used in the summary.

## Tests

### Procedure

1. Find items where variations in presentation of text are used to convey information.
2. For those items, check to determine if information conveyed visually is also stated explicitly in text.

### Expected Results

- Check #2 is true.

## Related Techniques

- H49
- C22

## Resources