{"id":1274807185801982000,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772692000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:32","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"When & if SARS2 turns out to be endemic (not unlike diabetes and cancer), then society can use the promise of reimbursement of effective vaccines/drugs at profitable prices to incentives (PULL) the private sector to invest in developing them (as it does w/ diabetes & cancer R&D).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":2,"likes_count":8,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807185801981958","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807185017536500,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772692000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:32","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Until there is more certainty that SARS2 will be endemic &, importantly, if it will be endemic that society will value better treatments/vaccines, society should use its tax dollars to PUSH needed development forward, as it has.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":9,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807185017536512","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807184224813000,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772692000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:32","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Yet, society could still fund development of vaccines/drugs it needs even if investors aren’t sure that doing so would be financially rewarding. For example, our taxes fund BARDA, which has funded contracts with various companies to develop drugs/vaccines for SARS2.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":7,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807184224813059","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807183444672500,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772691000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:31","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"But you can’t expect people saving for their retirement to give more than they are comfortable donating towards ending COVID by voluntarily investing in a non-profit. Society can tax people, but it’s silly to blame them for not funding unprofitable ventures.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":12,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807183444672513","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807182677151700,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772691000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:31","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Some people think that investors have a civic duty to fund development of a useful drug even if they can’t profit from it. That’s called donating/taxes. Gates donates to CEPI, which funds COVID research. We all pay taxes, some of which go to NIH/BARDa, which funds some research.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":11,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807182677151744","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807181871853600,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772691000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:31","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"...it has to worry that it might have to also give away its product, should it be successful. Think of it this way, if every lottery winner were expected to donate winnings to charity, some people might struggle to justify buying lottery tickets (costing states revenues).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":13,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807181871853568","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807181146304500,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772691000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:31","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"After all, large companies like Gilead, JNJ, and Astrazeneca, which have substantial cash flows from existing drug sales and don’t need to raise money from investors, have promised to donate doses or sell many doses at cost. So if a small company needs to raise money...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":11,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807181146304523","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807180403839000,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772691000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:31","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"...there won’t be a long-term market.  There will only be a short term market until virus goes extinct. Investors might still see profit in funding those drugs/vaccines, but they will focus on most advanced programs & even then might worry that they won’t be allowed to profit.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":9,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807180403838976","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807179586031600,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772691000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:31","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"But if these investors think that SARS2 won’t be endemic (which would be awesome!) b/c everyone gets such strong, durable immunity from either recovering from an infection or getting a vaccine such that the virus dies out (can’t find any new susceptible people to infect), then...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":12,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807179586031616","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807178856214500,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772690000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:30","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"And these investors (individuals, pension funds, endowments, etc) might invest in better vaccines that might not get to market for another 5 years believing that society will value a more effective vaccine to protect people from an endemic virus (eg flu vaccines sell $4B/year).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":10,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807178856214529","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807178105368600,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772690000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:30","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"It means that teachers’ and firefighters’ pension funds might decide to fund companies working on antivirals counting on them being able to someday generate a profit from selling a drug that society values and pays for via insurance (not making patients pay out of pocket!).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":13,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807178105368584","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807177363013600,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772690000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:30","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"If SARS2 becomes endemic & insurance will reimburse therapies that save lives of people who develop COVID-19, then drug development offers enough of a chance at a financial return that investors might want to fund such work. That’s why there is investment in cancer drugs.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":11,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807177363013634","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807176645795800,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772690000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:30","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"In either case, even without knowing whether SARS2 can be eradicated, society needs some vaccines & treatments as quickly as possible & therefore should fund these efforts. However, the answer to the “endemic vs eradicated” question is critical to HOW society funds these efforts.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":15,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807176645795840","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807175886639000,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772690000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:30","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"After all, we have flu vaccines yet some people still get serious flu and many die (20-60k each year just in the US, where ~50% of all Americans get vaccinated).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":12,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807175886639111","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807175148441600,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772689000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:29","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"And we should definitely continue to invest in drugs to treat COVID-19 even if they will take a while to bring to market b/c there will always be a need to save lives despite the availability of vaccines (since some people won’t take vaccines & some won’t be protected by them).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":17,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807175148441601","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807174431150000,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772689000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:29","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"It means we should still develop “first good-enough” vaccines, but we should also work on “better late-comers”. After all, we’ve long had flu vaccines but still invest in better ones.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":18,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807174431150080","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807173651017700,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772689000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:29","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"But if SARS2 can’t be eradicated, if it will stay with us as an endemic virus forever, like other 4 human coronaviruses that circulate each year causing common cold (except SARS2 would be more serious than even severe flu, especially in elderly), that’s a very different world.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":15,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807173651017730","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807172908580900,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772689000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:29","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"And antibodies will not be particularly useful for stockpiling since they are typically quite specific for a virus and can’t be expected to work for whatever SARS3 might be.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":10,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807172908580864","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807172145217500,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772689000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:29","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"That’s not entirely true since government might decide to stockpile drugs like remdesivir & other antivirals that could work on future coronavirus outbreaks (SARS3!), but then business model is government stockpiling, which is unpredictable- investors don’t know what BARDA likes.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":17,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807172145217544","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807171415498800,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772689000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:29","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"That means “first good-enough” may get some reward but there will be none for developing a “better late-comer” vaccine. It means those companies working on drugs shouldn’t expect to sell much in longer run. If they can’t launch useful drugs very soon, they likely won’t be needed.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":11,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807171415498753","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1274807170677293000,"conversation_id":"1274807169670668289","created_at":1592772688000,"date":"2020-06-21","time":"20:51:28","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"if we will stamp out (eradicate) SARS2 in the next few years, then the first companies to make a vaccine will maybe generate some financial return (though some pledged to sell doses at cost) but then there won’t be a long-term market for these vaccines.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":11,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1274807170677293059","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1273707153178665000,"conversation_id":"1273706985507168256","created_at":1592510424000,"date":"2020-06-18","time":"20:00:24","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Though this course and its content are geared toward participants with a background in science and/or biotechnology, anyone who wants to learn how biomedical innovation is funded and can be affordable to patients is eligible to apply. The course is free of charge to all admitted.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":13,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1273707153178664961","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1272669633452167200,"conversation_id":"1272669631308849152","created_at":1592263060000,"date":"2020-06-15","time":"23:17:40","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"If you are w/ a covid task force, state/national agency, NGO supporting covid research, or media & would like a tour, email our team at (covidteam “at” racap dot com). We can teach you how to use it, understand it, and derive value over coming year as we update it regularly.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":4,"likes_count":18,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1272669633452167168","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1272337339214368800,"conversation_id":"1272337332402884608","created_at":1592183835000,"date":"2020-06-15","time":"01:17:15","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Not to say that one can’t learn from uncontrolled trials, but controls help rule out many wrong explanations. Can you think of ideas that sounded good based on initial observations or someone’s gut that turned out not to be what we had hoped for in a randomized clinical study?","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":6,"retweets_count":4,"likes_count":71,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1272337339214368774","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1272337337863807000,"conversation_id":"1272337332402884608","created_at":1592183834000,"date":"2020-06-15","time":"01:17:14","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"I think 2020 could also be the year the public comes to appreciate what a controlled trial is for. #TWWDRCT might even become a meme (ok, maybe not). Stands for That’s Why We Do Randomized Controlled Trials. See an illogical conclusion in media (or from WHO), #TWWDRCT.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":7,"likes_count":104,"hashtags":["#twwdrct","#twwdrct"],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1272337337863806977","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1272337332402884600,"conversation_id":"1272337332402884608","created_at":1592183833000,"date":"2020-06-15","time":"01:17:13","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"I think 2020 will be remembered as the year politics tried to bend science & nature yet they just wouldn’t bend. Whether it’s how the virus spreads or which vaccines and drugs work, the truth is waiting to be discovered with proper scientific method, not punditry.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":18,"retweets_count":183,"likes_count":867,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1272337332402884608","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1271990245391773700,"conversation_id":"1271983930229620736","created_at":1592101081000,"date":"2020-06-14","time":"02:18:01","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Vaccines are coming- this is how to best use early supply to open school sooner. Keeping kids out of school is harmful; so would be trauma of a child watching a parent die knowing they brought virus home. We need to solve virtual teachjng for kids in vulnerable households.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":8,"retweets_count":8,"likes_count":73,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1271990245391773696","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1270738938441994200,"conversation_id":"1270738936483270663","created_at":1591802746000,"date":"2020-06-10","time":"15:25:46","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"For example, when trying to open up a given school, take stock of all families sending kids (& teachers) to that school & deploy early supply of vaccines to all members of every household that has a vulnerable member (older, overweight/diabetic, etc). Do that school by school.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":6,"retweets_count":9,"likes_count":37,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1270738938441994241","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1270738937594724400,"conversation_id":"1270738936483270663","created_at":1591802746000,"date":"2020-06-10","time":"15:25:46","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"If you remain, as I urge you to be, open-minded to risk that kids are like everyone else in being able to be infected & spread virus (even if they are themselves low risk for severe disease), we should be extra careful about how we open schools. Kids will bring the virus home.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":14,"likes_count":36,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1270738937594724353","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1269781567502721000,"conversation_id":"1269585701684875266","created_at":1591574491000,"date":"2020-06-08","time":"00:01:31","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Having watched this thread propagate all day, it’s interesting that it’s been retweeted, liked, & read by many, but no one answered the Q: “what’s it worth to the world to end premature death due to breast cancer?” Why is that? Shouldn’t we learn how to discuss value of progress?","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":8,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":12,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1269781567502721024","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1269585786036461600,"conversation_id":"1269585701684875266","created_at":1591527813000,"date":"2020-06-07","time":"11:03:33","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"If you wonder where money will come from, it would come from all of us... in form of taxes, insurance premiums. With insurance reform, it shouldn’t come from pockets of patients, just as a fire dept that protects us all shouldn’t demand payment from family whose home is burning.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":4,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1269585786036461572","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1269585773742915600,"conversation_id":"1269585701684875266","created_at":1591527810000,"date":"2020-06-07","time":"11:03:30","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"All these expenditures represent what we SPEND on aspects of our lives. They make people happy & that’s important. But when I ask what it’s worth to solve breast cancer once & for all, I’m talking about an INVESTMENT. We make sacrifices to invest in what matters all the time.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":5,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1269585773742915584","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1269585715521892400,"conversation_id":"1269585701684875266","created_at":1591527796000,"date":"2020-06-07","time":"11:03:16","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"So now consider... what would it be worth to have a treatment or other means to ensure that any girl born today will never have to worry about breast cancer, that no parent will have to worry for their daughter, no children fear for their mother?","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":10,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1269585715521892352","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1269585714376839200,"conversation_id":"1269585701684875266","created_at":1591527796000,"date":"2020-06-07","time":"11:03:16","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Worry is a real cost... just see the economic damage that comes from how we retreat from activities of life to protect ourselves & loved ones from covid. Worry about breast cancer also a real cost... it weighs on our minds (ignorance is bliss, but it affects so many!), saps joy.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":5,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1269585714376839168","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1269363096159740000,"conversation_id":"1269346549374599171","created_at":1591474720000,"date":"2020-06-06","time":"20:18:40","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Lots of good ideas in replies below. Suggestion: when you append, please include link (ideally one that pulls up an image). And to reduce duplicates, please scan responses below to see if others have suggested your idea; if so, like it.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":6,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1269363096159739911","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1266171630314754000,"conversation_id":"1266171630314754048","created_at":1590713815000,"date":"2020-05-29","time":"00:56:55","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Thinking a few steps ahead... When the first vaccines launch, if they aren’t the best and better ones are 3 months behind, will countries want to get the first “good enough” ones or hunker down to wait for better ones (in which case who gets the first ones)?","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":39,"retweets_count":34,"likes_count":202,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1266171630314754048","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398664211697700,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529526000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:26","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"...willingly sacrifice the tail of our NPV curve that innovators don’t value anyways (is discounted to little) but that society values a lot. And we should trade it to protecting the front end of the NPV curve that matters a lot to us from deeply flawed price controls.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":8,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398664211697664","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398663209238500,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529525000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:25","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"...to price controls of branded drugs that would squelch the incentives required to drive investment in innovation. For those who know what an NPV is, I’m pointing out that society has a much lower cost of capital than innovators and therefore we should...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":5,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398663209238529","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398662340972500,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529525000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:25","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"It’s the right solution to what are increasingly looking like natural monopolies. It would ensure that America enjoys the benefits of its investments (just as homeowners enjoy low cost living after paying off their mortgages) w/o resorting...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":6,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398662340972545","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398661384736800,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529525000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:25","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Essentially I’m proposing that when patents expire, the brand just converts to an authorized generic, made the same way, to the same standard, and is sold at a still profitable but modest markup to the cost of production.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":13,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398661384736768","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398660524847000,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529525000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:25","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"So if our drugs don’t go reliably generic or, once generic, don’t stay both inexpensive & reliable, we have to take accountability for quality & cost of our products even after mortgage is paid off if we hope to be able to keep charging society mortgages as reward for innovation.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":7,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398660524847111","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398659635646500,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529525000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:25","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Biomedical innovators are and should be builders who prosper from their success via finite mortgage streams. They should have to keep innovating for their income. We aren’t in the rent collection business, or at least we shouldn’t be.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":7,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398659635646464","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398658683584500,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529524000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:24","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"But that means that the builder was never really charging a high but finite mortgage. The builder was really charging a high, infinite mortgage, which is same as high rent.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":6,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398658683584513","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398657710514200,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529524000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:24","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"So the analogy there is that, after the family has paid off the builder’s mortgage and builder stops maintaining the house, the house starts to crumble, forcing the family to go back to paying the builder for his services (ie keep paying for brand b/c generics are unreliable).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":6,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398657710514176","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398655755919400,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529524000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:24","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Price jacking an old, off-patent drug (what Turing did) is like someone stealing the title of a house that a family has long paid off and offering to sell it back to them.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":12,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398655755919360","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398654761926700,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529523000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:23","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Patent gaming in this analogy would be akin to the builder calling the family up in the 15th year, as they prepare to celebrate that they have paid off their mortgage, to tell them that due to a hidden clause in the contract, they will have to keep paying for 5 more years.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":8,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398654761926663","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398653738537000,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529523000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:23","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Here’s an analogy. Drug companies are like home builders. Let’s say one builds a home for a family that pays builder off over time, 15 years (the branded, patented period). During that time, builder ensures that the home is reliable, nothing leaks (ie the drug quality is high).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":5,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398653738536969","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398652727709700,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529523000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:23","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Price jacking and patent gaming to prevent genericization represent a form of rent extraction from old drugs, whereas innovation is driven by branded drug sales, which should be finite, like mortgage payments.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":10,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398652727709698","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398651813314600,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529523000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:23","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Good idea for all drugs after their patents have expired (more details in the book). This price control won’t harm innovation since innovators collect their reward during the branded period.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":5,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398651813314560","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1265398650789867500,"conversation_id":"1265398646159413248","created_at":1590529522000,"date":"2020-05-26","time":"21:45:22","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"High quality manufactures would compete with originator to win contract for whole market but originator would at least have to guarantee an inexpensive supply as a backstop. Max price would be, let’s say, 2x cost of production, so still profitable.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":10,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1265398650789867524","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264948544923893800,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590422209000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"15:56:49","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"She then sneezed on me, grinned, and asked if I caught her idea. —- “You want breakfast?”, I guessed (since one can only hold a 6yo’s attention so long). —- “Yay! You caught it!” —— She then wanted to sneeze on her baby brother.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":2,"likes_count":37,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264948544923893761","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264948543594299400,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590422209000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"15:56:49","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"The most effective knowledge vaccines would be ones that spreads virally. This thread notwithstanding, truth is more complex, less sensational than clickbait misinformation. So we have to have patience for a vaccine & not just rush into streets to catch nasty viruses. Read books!","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":4,"likes_count":43,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264948543594299396","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264948542235390000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590422208000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"15:56:48","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"So just as idea can be viral, an idea can be a vaccine. We can even think of knowledge, facts, and truth as a vaccine against viral misinformation. So going to school & reading science explainers are vaccines against all kinds of catchy bad ideas.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":3,"likes_count":56,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264948542235389961","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264948540796739600,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590422208000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"15:56:48","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Cat videos are viral b/c many people find cats cute (I do!). But what if we were taught (eg in school) that cats are terrible, like pigeons. Then people would be grossed out by them, wouldn’t watch those videos, wouldn’t spread them. Fewer cats on twitter! (Yes, the horror).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":26,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264948540796739586","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264948539362246700,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590422208000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"15:56:48","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"What’s “a mask” on twitter? It would be like an algorithm that cut everyone’s follower count down by 90%. My daughter then asked what a vaccine would be on Twitter. Hmmm. Here’s what I came up with (sorry cat folks, but my kid doesn’t yet get politics or conspiracies).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":24,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264948539362246656","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264948537491685400,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590422207000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"15:56:47","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"So super spreaders are great for spreading science explainers, but in viral pandemics, the first thing we want to do is reduce super spreading (crowded event, offices, clubs) & keep super spreaders home (sadly, that means hairdressers & club kids).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":2,"likes_count":30,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264948537491685379","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264948536166187000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590422207000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"15:56:47","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Since most people on twitter have <660 followers, you see the role of super spreaders who have way more. Right now this thread is chugging along at ~6600 impressions per minute, resulting in about 10 retweets per minute. It’s the rare super spreader that really keeps it going.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":3,"likes_count":33,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264948536166187008","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264948534803157000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590422206000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"15:56:46","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"How’s it like a forest fire? I had her imagine dense parts of the forest where fire could spread quickly and less dense parts where there was a greater chance of a bush burning itself out before it could spread the flame to another plant.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":2,"likes_count":24,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264948534803156992","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264948533649604600,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590422206000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"15:56:46","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"If this were a virus, someone who exposed 500 people would cause ~80 to become infected, maybe some would even die, but it probably wouldn’t spread to others (ie dead end). But since it’s knowledge, it makes 80 people smarter even if they don’t pass it on (via tweet anyways).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":29,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264948533649604608","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264948532492079000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590422206000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"15:56:46","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"So w/ only 16% of exposed being infected, a person would need to have at least 6 followers to have a reasonable chance of getting at least one to get the Rami Virus (ie spread idea). But a person would need at least 660 followers to likely trigger a retweet.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":22,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264948532492079107","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264948531179278300,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590422206000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"15:56:46","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"3.4m people were exposed to the “Rami virus”, but it only infected 536k, about 16%. But most of those people just experienced the infection (read thread) w/o spreading it. Only 5k (1% of infected, 0.15% of exposed) sneezed the idea on others. (She then sneezed on me).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":28,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264948531179278341","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264733887462346800,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590371031000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"01:43:51","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Everyone. My first tweet was end of January... I intended to talk about drug pricing & insurance reform (another topic that used to be of interest... remember?) and quickly everything turned covid & seemed more important to reassure public that social distancing & biotech works.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":0,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":6,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264733887462346752","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264719510419968000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590367603000,"date":"2020-05-25","time":"00:46:43","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Wow. Thanks everyone for launching this science thread into low earth orbit. Y’all perpetrated some serious sneezing. And Rami Malek’s face inspired bunch of kids to want to become hoody-wearing scientists. (If we break 10k RTs, “hoodie” spelling formally becomes “hoody”).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":17,"retweets_count":42,"likes_count":474,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264719510419968005","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264579036728242200,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590334111000,"date":"2020-05-24","time":"15:28:31","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"In any case, every tweet contributes to the R0 of a good explainer. You never know when a teenager will read it, fall in love with viruses, dedicate themselves to science, and someday cure a disease. So enjoy the science and pass it on.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":11,"retweets_count":42,"likes_count":473,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264579036728242182","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264575520622162000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590333273000,"date":"2020-05-24","time":"15:14:33","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"So although viruses don’t direct their own evolution, if you love science & want to spread its awesomeness, then think about how you would “mutate” this or any science thread to make it appealing to super spreaders. Otherwise, it just slowly percolates among us lovable geeks.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":12,"retweets_count":35,"likes_count":348,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264575520622161922","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264575508764917800,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590333270000,"date":"2020-05-24","time":"15:14:30","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"But what if super spreaders aren’t as interested in wonky science? Then science doesn’t spread. What would it take to make a science explainer of interest to super spreaders? That’s what science educators need to crack... until we do, other topics will outcompete the nerdy stuff.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":16,"retweets_count":54,"likes_count":456,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264575508764917760","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264573626046693400,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590332821000,"date":"2020-05-24","time":"15:07:01","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Interestingly, this thread has more engagement than any others of mine (highly infectious), but w/ people w/ few followers, so spreads steadily (R0 a bit over 1). To go really exponentially viral, a tweet requires “super spreaders” who reach crowds. Viruses the same.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":4,"retweets_count":67,"likes_count":584,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264573626046693376","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264298291312889900,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590267176000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:52:56","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"ps leave it to the virologist to misspell “hoodie” and notice it right after hitting “tweet all”.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":21,"retweets_count":22,"likes_count":453,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264298291312889856","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297352451498000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266952000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:12","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"So SARS2 is hardly dumb. Yet all we need to stop it is a vaccine that gives our immune system a head start. Without the element of surprise, SARS2 will either fail to infect or will cause only a mild infection. We’ll have won the Red Queen’s race with a bit of biotechnology.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":12,"retweets_count":62,"likes_count":504,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297352451497984","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297351679807500,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266952000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:12","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"So SARS2 has a protein that puts official caps (letterhead) on the viral instructions for making more viral proteins. Clever workaround. There are about 8 proteins that SARS2 uses to hide itself from our cell defenses and immune system like that.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":5,"retweets_count":56,"likes_count":418,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297351679807494","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297347443576800,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266951000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:11","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"...basically cutting the tripwire that would activate a cell’s antiviral defenses. C) Also, like many viruses, SARS2 has to deal with a defense cells have where they basically print all their instructions for making proteins on RNA that has a special “cap” telling...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":55,"likes_count":418,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297347443576837","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297346676011000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266951000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:11","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"So what tricks does SARS2 have up its sleeve? A) Like flu, it changes its appearance, but actually quite slowly (despite what media reports), so we can make a vaccine & expect it to work for a while. B) It’s got a protein that shuts down our cells’ interferon response...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":7,"retweets_count":85,"likes_count":525,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297346676011010","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297341080797200,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266950000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:10","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"10) And then there are face swapping tricks of viruses like flu & HIV, which can alter their external proteins faster than our immune systems can keep up. It’s why we need new flu vaccine each year. These viruses have frilly (ie variable) regions on their surface proteins that...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":48,"likes_count":437,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297341080797192","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297336831910000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266949000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:09","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"7-9) Cells are booby-trapped with virus-detecting sensors (eg Toll-Like Receptors) that trigger (via interferon response) the cell to self-destruct (apoptosis). Viruses evolved counter-measures to A) disable sensors, B) silence internal alarm, & C) block the auto-destruct.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":4,"retweets_count":44,"likes_count":445,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297336831909889","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297332457209900,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266948000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:08","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"6) Now rabies is a devil. It infects neurons and is secreted in saliva. It’s transmitted from one animal to another via a bite. Some infected animals become more aggressive, more likely to bite. Why? It’s thought that virus’s external protein, which lets it infect cells, also...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":5,"retweets_count":53,"likes_count":488,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297332457209856","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297331639419000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266948000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:08","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"So you basically can’t wipe out HIV without getting rid of those sleeper cells. That’s not impossible, but so far that’s only possibly with a complete bone marrow transplant, and even then only if the donor cells have a special mutation that makes them impervious to HIV.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":3,"retweets_count":52,"likes_count":476,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297331639418882","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297330792169500,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266947000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:07","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"5) HIV writes itself into the DNA code of the cells it infects and can then go to sleep for years in that cell. Those sleeper cells look normal for a while so don’t raise any alarms but the viral code within them can reactive after many years to start making new HIV.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":5,"retweets_count":51,"likes_count":491,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297330792169472","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297330028798000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266947000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:07","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"One current approach to beating HIV is to engineer T cells that HIV can’t infect. Basically, give them Kevlar. Want to know how? We use a harmless mutated HIV virus to introduce those protective genes into T cells. Turn the virus on itself! Anyway, back to the virus hacks.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":3,"retweets_count":58,"likes_count":551,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297330028797954","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297329256992800,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266947000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:07","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"But back to the hacks. We’ve only scratched the surface of their arsenal. 4) HIV infects our immune cells. It’s a cop killer. And it does it’s best job of infecting these T cells when they are activated. So any T cells that tries to go after HIV walks right into virus’s arms.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":3,"retweets_count":57,"likes_count":524,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297329256992769","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297324148396000,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266946000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:06","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"3) But damn if some viruses aren’t smarter still. For example, the herpes virus called cytomegalovirus (sounds like a virus from Cybertron) produces a decoy MHC pedestal that cons NK cells into thinking everything is ok, a walk on by. Like a battle between black & white hats...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":3,"retweets_count":60,"likes_count":634,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297324148396037","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297317542264800,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266944000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:04","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"To display a bit of any protein in the window (ie on cell surface), cells must put them on a pedestal called an MHC complex. Herpes and other viruses have learned to block/break those pedestals so nothing gets displayed on the cell surface.  Cops walks by & see nothing.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":4,"retweets_count":56,"likes_count":672,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297317542264834","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1264297313356439600,"conversation_id":"1264297311469010945","created_at":1590266943000,"date":"2020-05-23","time":"20:49:03","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"...notifying other cells they are infected. Infected cells normally release molecules called cytokines to communicate w/ other cells (eg lock your doors, call the cops!) & some viruses make proteins that bind those cytokines up, basically preventing cell from calling for help.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":5,"retweets_count":84,"likes_count":733,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1264297313356439554","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1263961305062539300,"conversation_id":"1263943484844769282","created_at":1590186833000,"date":"2020-05-22","time":"22:33:53","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"And for lots more Q&A, check out my pinned tweet.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":0,"retweets_count":0,"likes_count":4,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1263961305062539266","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1263955662628929500,"conversation_id":"1263943484844769282","created_at":1590185487000,"date":"2020-05-22","time":"22:11:27","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"And definitely be sure to check out the Strategic Overview that goes with the map. It’s really meant for Task Forces and other leaders, but anyone might appreciate that when we are creating so many chess pieces, we need to think about how to use them together to best effect.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":1,"likes_count":4,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1263955662628929536","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1263945007532322800,"conversation_id":"1263943484844769282","created_at":1590182947000,"date":"2020-05-22","time":"21:29:07","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"As we get more data, we’ll mark certain programs as failed or successful. In the coming months, expect plenty of failure. But do take in the totality of this effort and take heart that biotech will solve this, quickly. Programs & companies may fail, but our society will succeed.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":3,"retweets_count":3,"likes_count":42,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1263945007532322816","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1260313370428833800,"conversation_id":"1260313368851865602","created_at":1589317097000,"date":"2020-05-12","time":"20:58:17","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"If anyone has questions or comments, catches errors, or feels a program should be included, please connect w/ us (email on map). We’ll be updating it every couple of weeks (will tweet out when ready). We hope world takes some solace in seeing humanity’s hustle to end this crisis.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":8,"likes_count":41,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1260313370428833798","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1258567637975666700,"conversation_id":"1258563999488192512","created_at":1588900882000,"date":"2020-05-08","time":"01:21:22","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Why doesn’t SARS2 lay dormant for a long time like herpes? Those other viruses have genomes made of hardier DNA that can sit silently in cells for years, unnoticed by immune system. SARS2 is flimsy RNA that disintegrates unless keeps copying, which alerts immune system.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":5,"retweets_count":16,"likes_count":82,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1258567637975666688","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864505595506700,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733242000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:22","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"It’s not that dx innovation is not happening. There is a diagnostics industry. But it’s at the stage that biotech drug development sector was at in the 1990s, a mere glimpse of what it could be, and could blossom if we gave it the attention and resources it deserves.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":6,"retweets_count":9,"likes_count":49,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864505595506688","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864503552815000,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733242000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:22","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"All of healthcare could be revolutionized with better tests. The public’s and Washington’s enthusiasm for better covid tests (and willingness to pay more for them) should encompass better diagnostics & screening tests across all diseases & disorders, from autism to Alzheimer’s.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":10,"likes_count":66,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864503552815104","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864501728346000,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733241000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:21","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Congress should pass reforms to increase Dx reimbursement to create incentives for much more Dx innovation. We could be diagnosing cancer earlier, when it’s more treatable, even curable. We can catch bacterial infections earlier & select right antibiotic from the start.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":7,"likes_count":44,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864501728346114","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864497995399200,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733240000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:20","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Because of how hard insurance tries to not pay for new diagnostic tests, investors have learned that investing in diagnostic innovation is less rewarding than developing new drugs (except antibiotics- America doesn’t pay much for those either- yes, stupid).","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":6,"likes_count":34,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864497995399169","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864496112193500,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733240000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:20","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"Recall how insurance plans refused to cover covid tests for the first Americans who went in for testing.  Truly, America’s insurance system is just plain stupid- its bureaucracy has trapped even its best people into limply supporting its stupid policies. It has to change.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":10,"likes_count":45,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864496112193539","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864494103113700,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733240000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:20","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"...because I know that even if a company launches a good one, insurance plans will stop at nothing to deny coverage until the company has spent a ton of money marketing the test to docs to get them to pressure insurance to pay for it. That friction is discouraging.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":4,"likes_count":32,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864494103113733","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864492073058300,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733239000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:19","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"By the way, tests are essential to proper healthcare. They are grossly underappreciated, & America’s insurance plans are brutally myopic in how hard they strive to deny paying for new tests. As a biotech investor, I can tell you that it’s way harder to justify investing in Dx...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":9,"likes_count":47,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864492073058304","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864488151384000,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733238000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:18","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"With those data, we can then truly estimate how lethal SARS2 is, not just in general but for people with various risk factors such as age, copd, diabetes, coronary disease, and obesity.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":3,"likes_count":33,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864488151384064","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864484313596000,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733237000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:17","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"And this test is even more reliable in an area with higher rates of infection. If 10% of a 1000 people are infected, the test would tell 103 people that they are positive and 100 would be. If you got a positive result, you would be 97% sure it was right.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":3,"likes_count":25,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864484313595906","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864482338017300,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733237000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:17","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"...their test is as accurate at detecting antibodies in recovered patients as they say but only for people who are at least 2 weeks post infection. So what you shouldn’t do is take this test as soon as you feel symptoms or right after you feel better.  Wait 2 weeks.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":5,"likes_count":27,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864482338017281","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864480349917200,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733236000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:16","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"What if you are negative? Might that be wrong? There is one way this test could miss that you’ve been infected: if you get tested too soon after your infection. It takes your immune system a couple of weeks to develop antibodies after an infection. Roche is clear that...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":4,"likes_count":27,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864480349917187","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864478315761700,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733236000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:16","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"...wear a mask and social distance. To be more confident in a positive antibody result, it’s possible that there would be benefit from rerunning the same test or a different antibody test. We don’t know yet, but will be great to find out.","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":1,"retweets_count":6,"likes_count":37,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864478315761665","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
{"id":1257864476302413800,"conversation_id":"1257864443310080002","created_at":1588733235000,"date":"2020-05-06","time":"02:47:15","timezone":"UTC","user_id":1130959251671834600,"username":"peterkolchinsky","name":"Peter Kolchinsky","place":"","tweet":"...those antibodies might not protect you from reinfection. Odds are they would protect you from getting a serious case of covid, but you might still get a very mild, superficial infection that makes you a danger to others at risk of serious covid. So you still should...","mentions":[],"urls":[],"photos":[],"replies_count":2,"retweets_count":7,"likes_count":32,"hashtags":[],"cashtags":[],"link":"https://twitter.com/PeterKolchinsky/status/1257864476302413824","retweet":false,"quote_url":"","video":0,"near":"","geo":"","source":"","user_rt_id":"","user_rt":"","retweet_id":"","reply_to":[{"user_id":"1130959251671834624","username":"PeterKolchinsky"}],"retweet_date":"","translate":"","trans_src":"","trans_dest":""}
