


Network Working Group                                      M. Nottingham
Internet-Draft                                             June 25, 2006
Expires: December 27, 2006


             Extensions for Multi-Document Syndicated Feeds
                draft-nottingham-atompub-feed-history-06

Status of this Memo

   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
   aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on December 27, 2006.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

Abstract

   This specification defines three types of syndicated feeds that
   enable publication of entries across one or more feed documents.










Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006               [Page 1]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   4.  Complete Feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     4.1.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   5.  Paged Feeds  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     5.1.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   6.  Archived Feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     6.1.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   7.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   8.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   9.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   Appendix B.  Reconstructing Archived Feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 17

































Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006               [Page 2]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


1.  Introduction

   Syndicated feeds of information (using such formats as Atom [RFC4287]
   or RSS 2.0) are often split up into multiple documents to save
   bandwidth, allow "sliding window" access, or for other purposes.

   This specification defines three types of feeds that allow the
   reconstruction of their state from one or more feed documents;
   "complete" feeds, "paged" feeds and "archived" feeds.

   These types are complementary; each has different properties and
   trade-offs:

   o  Complete feeds contain the entire set of entries in one document,
      and can be useful when it isn't desirable to "remember"
      previously-seen entries.
   o  Paged feeds split the logical feed's entries among multiple
      temporary documents.  This can be useful when entries in the feed
      are not long-lived or stable, and the client needs to access an
      arbitrary portion of them, usually in close succession.
   o  Archived feeds split them among multiple permanent documents, and
      can be useful when entries are long-lived and it is important for
      clients to see every one.

   See the feed type definitions below for examples of use cases for
   each.


2.  Notational Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119], as
   scoped to those conformance targets.

   This specification uses XML Namespaces [W3C.REC-xml-names-19990114]
   to uniquely identify XML element names.  It uses the following
   namespace prefix for the indicated namespace URI;

   "fh": "http://purl.org/syndication/history/1.0"

   This specification uses terms from the XML Infoset [W3C.REC-xml-
   infoset-20040204].  However, this specification uses a shorthand; the
   phrase "Information Item" is omitted when naming Element Information
   Items.  Therefore, when this specification uses the term "element,"
   it is referring to an Element Information Item in Infoset terms.

   This specification also uses Atom link relations to identify



Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006               [Page 3]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


   different types of links; see the Atom specification [RFC4287] for
   information about their syntax, and the IANA link relation registry
   for more information about specific values.

   Although they refer to Atom normatively, the mechanisms described
   herein can be used with similar syndication formats, such as the
   various flavours of RSS.


3.  Terminology

   In this specification, "feed document" refers to an Atom Feed
   Document, RSS document, or similar syndication instance document.  It
   may contain any number of entries (in RSS, items), and may or may not
   be a complete representation of the logical feed.

   "Head section" refers to the children of a feed document's document-
   wide metadata container; e.g., the child elements of the atom:feed
   element in an Atom Feed Document.

   A "logical feed" is the set of entries associated with a particular
   feed (as contrasted with a feed document, which may contain a subset
   of them).


4.  Complete Feeds

   A complete feed is a feed document that contains all of the entries
   in the logical feed; any entry not actually in the feed document
   SHOULD NOT be presented as part of that feed.

   It is sometimes important to distinguish a complete feed, because
   clients may attempt to keep a history of feed entries seen over time,
   presenting the aggregate as the feed's contents.  This is
   undesireable in some situations.

   For example; a feed that represents a ranking that varies over time,
   such as "Top Twenty Records" or "Most Popular Items" should not have
   newer entries displayed alongside older ones.  By marking them as
   complete feeds, old entries are discarded when the feed is refreshed.

   The fh:complete element, when present in a feed's head section,
   indicates that the feed document it occurs in is a complete
   representation of the logical feed's entries.

   For example,

     <fh:complete/>



Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006               [Page 4]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


4.1.  Examples

   Atom-formatted Complete Feed

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
    xmlns:fh="http://purl.org/syndication/history/1.0">
    <title>NetTunes Queue</title>
    <description>The CDs you'll receive next.</description>
    <link href="http://example.org/"/>
    <fh:complete/>
    <link rel="self"
     href="http://nettunes.example.org/queue/index.atom"/>
    <updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
    <author>
      <name>John Doe</name>
    </author>
    <id>urn:uuid:60a76c80-d399-11d9-b93C-0003939e0af6</id>
    <entry>
      <title>A Rush of Blood to the Head</title>
      <link href="http://nettunes.example.org/Coldplay/rush"/>
      <id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</id>
      <updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
      <summary>More jangly guitars from Coldplay...</summary>
    </entry>
   </feed>

























Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006               [Page 5]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


   RSS 2.0-formatted Complete Feed

   <?xml version="1.0"?>
   <rss version="2.0"
    xmlns:fh="http://purl.org/syndication/history/1.0">
    <channel>
     <title>NetTunes Queue</title>
     <link>http://nettunes.example.org/</link>
     <description>The CDs you'll receive next.</description>
     <language>en-us</language>
     <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2003 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
     <lastBuildDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2003 09:41:01 GMT</lastBuildDate>
     <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
     <generator>Weblog Editor 2.0</generator>
     <managingEditor>editor@nettunes.example.org</managingEditor>
     <webMaster>webmaster@nettunes.example.org</webMaster>
     <fh:complete/>
     <item>
      <title>A Rush of Blood to the Head</title>
      <link>http://nettunes.example.org/Coldplay/rush</link>
      <description>More jangly guitars from Coldplay...
      </description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Jun 2003 09:39:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</guid>
     </item>
    </channel>
   </rss>


5.  Paged Feeds

   A paged feed is a set of linked feed documents that contain the
   entries in the logical feed, without any guarantees about the
   stability of the documents' contents.

   Paged feeds are lossy; that is, it is not possible to guarantee that
   the client will be able to reconstruct the logical feed as the server
   has published it.  Some entries may be added to the feed as the pages
   of the feed are acccessed, without the client becoming aware of them.

   Paged feeds can be useful when the number of entries is very large,
   infinite, or indeterminate.  Clients can "page" through the feed,
   only accessing a subset of the feed's entries as necessary.

   For example, a search engine might make query results available as a
   paged feed, so that queries with very large result sets do not
   overwhelm the server, the network, or the client.




Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006               [Page 6]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


   The feed documents in a paged feed are tied together with the
   following link relations:

   o  "first" - A URI that refers to the furthest preceding document in
      a series of documents.
   o  "last" - A URI that refers to the furthest following document in a
      series of documents.
   o  "previous" - A URI that refers to the immediately preceding
      document in a series of documents.
   o  "next" - A URI that refers to the immediately following document
      in a series of documents.

   Paged feed documents MUST have at least one of these link relations
   present, and SHOULD contain as many as practical and applicable.

   Note that URI references in link relation values may be relative, and
   when they are used they must be absolutised, as described in Section
   5.1 of [RFC3986].

5.1.  Examples

   Atom-formatted Paged Feed

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
    <title>Example Feed</title>
    <link href="http://example.org/"/>
    <link rel="self" href="http://example.org/index.atom"/>
    <link rel="next" href="http://example.org/index.atom?page=2"/>
    <updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
    <author>
      <name>John Doe</name>
    </author>
    <id>urn:uuid:60a76c80-d399-11d9-b93C-0003939e0af6</id>
    <entry>
      <title>Atom-Powered Robots Run Amok</title>
      <link href="http://example.org/2003/12/13/atom03"/>
      <id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</id>
      <updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
      <summary>Some text.</summary>
    </entry>
   </feed>









Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006               [Page 7]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


   RSS 2.0-formatted Paged Feed

   <?xml version="1.0"?>
   <rss version="2.0"
    xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
    <channel>
     <title>Liftoff News</title>
     <link>http://liftoff.nasa.gov/</link>
     <description>Liftoff to Space Exploration.</description>
     <language>en-us</language>
     <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2003 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
     <lastBuildDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2003 09:41:01 GMT</lastBuildDate>
     <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
     <generator>Weblog Editor 2.0</generator>
     <managingEditor>editor@example.com</managingEditor>
     <webMaster>webmaster@example.com</webMaster>
     <atom:link rel="next"
      href="http://liftof.nasa.gov/index.rss?page=2"/>
     <item>
      <title>Star City</title>
      <link>http://liftoff.nasa.gov/2003/06/news-starcity</link>
      <description>How do Americans get ready to work with Russians
      aboard the International Space Station? They take a crash course
      in culture, language and protocol at Russia's <a
      href="http://howe.iki.rssi.ru/GCTC/gctc_e.htm"&gt;Star
      City</a>.</description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Jun 2003 09:39:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>http://liftoff.nasa.gov/2003/06/03.html#item573</guid>
     </item>
    </channel>
   </rss>


6.  Archived Feeds

   An archived feed is a set of feed documents that can be combined to
   accurately reconstruct a logical feed.

   Unlike paged feeds, archived feeds enable clients to do this without
   losing any entries.  This is achieved by publishing a single
   subscription document and (potentially) many archive documents.

   A subscription document is a feed document that always contains the
   most recently added or changed entries available in the logical feed
   (often, the feed document that should be subscribed to).

   Archive documents are feed documents that contain less recent entries
   in the feed.  The set of entries contained in an archive document



Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006               [Page 8]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


   published at a particular URI MUST NOT change over time.

   Likewise, the URI for a particular archive document MUST NOT change
   over time, so that clients can recognise it and associate it with the
   entries contained therein.

   Typically, a logical feed will make a subscription feed available,
   and link it to a set of archive documents (also linked together)
   which contain progressively less recent entries.

   Clients can then "subscribe" to the feed, polling the subscription
   document for recent changes.  If a client has missed some entries,
   the archives can be used to synchronise its state by fetching the
   archive documents it has not yet seen.

   Note that because archive documents are considered stable, changes to
   entries in them may not be apparent to all users.  Therefore, if a
   publisher requires a change to be visible to all users (e.g.,
   correcting factual errors), they should consider publishing the
   revised entry in the subscription feed, in addition to (or instead
   of) the appropriate archive feed.  Conversely, unimportant changes
   (e.g., spelling corrections) might be only effected in archive feeds.

   The following link relations are used to tie archived feeds together:

   o  "prev-archive" - A URI that refers to the immediately preceding
      archive document.
   o  "next-archive" - A URI that refers to the immediately following
      archive document.
   o  "current" - A URI that, when dereferenced, returns a feed document
      containing the most recent entries in the feed.

   Subscription documents and archive documents MUST have a "prev-
   archive" link relation, unless there are no archives available.

   Archive documents SHOULD have "next-archive" and "current" link
   relations.

   Note that URI references in link relation values may be relative, and
   when they are used they must be absolutised, as described in Section
   5.1 of [RFC3986].

   Archive document SHOULD also contain an fh:archive element in their
   head sections, to indicate that they themselves are archives.

   For example,

     <fh:archive/>



Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006               [Page 9]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


   Publishers are not required to make all archive documents available;
   they may refuse to serve (e.g., with HTTP status code 403 or 410), or
   be unable to serve (e.g., with HTTP status code 404) an archive
   document.

   Clients SHOULD warn users when they are not able to reconstruct the
   complete, logical feed (e.g., by alerting the user that an archive
   document is unavailable, or displaying pseudo-entries that inform the
   user that some entries may be missing).

6.1.  Examples

   Atom-formatted Subscription Document

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
    <title>Example Feed</title>
    <link href="http://example.org/"/>
    <link rel="self" href="http://example.org/index.atom"/>
    <link rel="prev-archive"
     href="http://example.org/2003/11/index.atom"/>
    <updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
    <author>
      <name>John Doe</name>
    </author>
    <id>urn:uuid:60a76c80-d399-11d9-b93C-0003939e0af6</id>
    <entry>
      <title>Atom-Powered Robots Run Amok</title>
      <link href="http://example.org/2003/12/13/atom03"/>
      <id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</id>
      <updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
      <summary>Some text.</summary>
    </entry>
   </feed>

















Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006              [Page 10]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


   Atom-formatted Archive Document

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
    <title>Example Feed</title>
    <link rel="current" href="http://example.org/index.atom"/>
    <link rel="self" href="http://example.org/2003/11/index.atom"/>
    <link rel="prev-archive"
     href="http://example.org/2003/10/index.atom"/>
    <updated>2003-11-24T12:00:00Z</updated>
    <author>
      <name>John Doe</name>
    </author>
    <id>urn:uuid:60a76c80-d399-11d9-b93C-0003939e0af6</id>
    <entry>
      <title>Atom-Powered Robots Scheduled To Run Amok</title>
      <link href="http://example.org/2003/11/24/robots_coming"/>
      <id>urn:uuid:cdef5c6d5-gff8-4ebb-assa-80dwe44efkjo</id>
      <updated>2003-11-24T12:00:00Z</updated>
      <summary>Some text from an old, different entry.</summary>
    </entry>
   </feed>





























Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006              [Page 11]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


   RSS 2.0-formatted Subscription Document

   <?xml version="1.0"?>
   <rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
    <channel>
     <title>Liftoff News</title>
     <link>http://liftoff.nasa.gov/</link>
     <description>Liftoff to Space Exploration.</description>
     <language>en-us</language>
     <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2003 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
     <lastBuildDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2003 09:41:01 GMT</lastBuildDate>
     <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
     <generator>Weblog Editor 2.0</generator>
     <managingEditor>editor@example.com</managingEditor>
     <webMaster>webmaster@example.com</webMaster>
     <atom:link rel="prev-archive"
      href="http://liftoff.nasa.gov/2003/05/index.rss"/>

     <item>
      <title>Star City</title>
      <link>http://liftoff.nasa.gov/2003/06/news-starcity</link>
      <description>How do Americans get ready to work with Russians
      aboard the International Space Station? They take a crash course
      in culture, language and protocol at Russia's <a
      href="http://howe.iki.rssi.ru/GCTC/gctc_e.htm"&gt;Star
      City</a&gt;.</description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Jun 2003 09:39:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>http://liftoff.nasa.gov/2003/06/03.html#item573</guid>
     </item>
    </channel>
   </rss>




















Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006              [Page 12]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


   RSS 2.0-formatted Archive Document

   <?xml version="1.0"?>
   <rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
    <channel>
     <title>Liftoff News</title>
     <link>http://liftoff.nasa.gov/</link>
     <description>Liftoff to Space Exploration.</description>
     <language>en-us</language>
     <pubDate>Tue, 30 May 2003 08:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
     <lastBuildDate>Tue, 30 May 2003 10:31:52 GMT</lastBuildDate>
     <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
     <generator>Weblog Editor 2.0</generator>
     <managingEditor>editor@example.com</managingEditor>
     <webMaster>webmaster@example.com</webMaster>
     <atom:link rel="current"
      href="http://liftoff.nasa.gov/index.rss"/>
     <atom:link rel="prev-archive"
      href="http://liftoff.nasa.gov/2003/04/index.rss"/>

     <item>
      <description>Sky watchers in Europe, Asia, and parts of
      Alaska and Canada will experience a partial eclipse of the Sun
      on Saturday, May 31st.</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 May 2003 11:06:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>http://liftoff.nasa.gov/2003/05/30.html#item572</guid>
     </item>
     <item>
      <title>The Engine That Does More</title>
      <link>http://liftoff.nasa.gov/2003/05/news-VASIMR.asp</link>
      <description>Before man travels to Mars, NASA hopes to
      design new engines that will let us fly through the Solar
      System more quickly.  The proposed VASIMR engine would do
      that.</description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2003 08:37:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>http://liftoff.nasa.gov/2003/05/27.html#item571</guid>
     </item>
    </channel>
   </rss>


7.  IANA Considerations

   The "previous", "next" and "current" link relations have been
   previously registered, and no IANA action regarding them is required.

   This specification defines the following link relations:




Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006              [Page 13]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


      o  Attribute Value: prev-archive
      o  Description: A URI that refers to the immediately
         preceding archive document.
      o  Expected display characteristics: none
      o  Security considerations: See [ this document ]

      o  Attribute Value: next-archive
      o  Description: A URI that refers to the immediately
         following archive document.
      o  Expected display characteristics: none
      o  Security considerations: See [ this document ]


8.  Security Considerations

   Feeds using the mechanisms described here could be crafted in such a
   way as to cause a client to initiate excessive (or even an unending
   sequence of) network requests, causing denial of service (either to
   the client, the target server, and/or intervening networks).  Clients
   can mitigate this risk by requiring user intervention after a certain
   number of requests, or by limiting requests either according to a
   hard limit, or with heuristics.

   Clients should be mindful of resource limits when storing feed
   documents.  To reiterate, they are not required to always store or
   reconstruct the feed when conforming to this specification; they only
   need inform the user when the reconstructed feed is not complete.

9.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3986]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
              Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
              RFC 3986, January 2005.

   [RFC4287]  Nottingham, M. and R. Sayre, "The Atom Syndication
              Format", RFC 4287, December 2005.

   [W3C.REC-xml-infoset-20040204]
              Cowan, J. and R. Tobin, "XML Information Set (Second
              Edition)", W3C REC REC-xml-infoset-20040204,
              February 2004.

   [W3C.REC-xml-names-19990114]
              Bray, T., Hollander, D., and A. Layman, "Namespaces in
              XML", W3C REC REC-xml-names-19990114, January 1999.



Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006              [Page 14]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


Appendix A.  Acknowledgements

   The author would like to thank the following people for their
   contributions, comments and help: Danny Ayers, Thomas Broyer, Stefan
   Eissing, David Hall, Bill de Hora, Aristotle Pagaltzis, John Panzer,
   Dave Pawson, Garrett Rooney, Robert Sayre, James Snell, Henry Story.

   Any errors herein remain the author's, not theirs.


Appendix B.  Reconstructing Archived Feeds

   One algorithm for reconstructing an archived feed into a complete,
   logical feed (S), give the subscription document (D) follows.

   1.  Create an empty list L.
   2.  Consider the URI of the last archive document successfully stored
       to local store S as A.
   3.  Consider the set of entries in document D as E.
   4.  If the document D has a "prev-archive" link relation value P in
       its head section, and P is not A,
       1.  Append P to L.
       2.  Dereference P and use the resulting feed document as D.
   5.  Repeat the previous step until no new P is found.
   6.  Add all of document D's entries to the local store S, replacing
       any entries with the same identity.
   7.  Pop the last "prev-archive" link relation from L, dereference its
       value and use the resulting feed document as D.
   8.  Repeat the previous two steps until L is empty.
   9.  Add the entries E to the local store S, replacing any entries
       with the same identity.

   In these instructions, the concept of an entry's identity is format-
   specific; e.g., in Atom, it is conveyed by the atom:id element; in
   RSS 2, it is indicated by the guid element.
















Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006              [Page 15]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


Author's Address

   Mark Nottingham

   Email: mnot@pobox.com
   URI:   http://www.mnot.net/













































Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006              [Page 16]

Internet-Draft                Feed History                     June 2006


Intellectual Property Statement

   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
   Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
   might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
   made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information
   on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
   found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
   assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
   attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
   such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
   specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
   http://www.ietf.org/ipr.

   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
   rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at
   ietf-ipr@ietf.org.


Disclaimer of Validity

   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
   OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
   ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
   INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
   INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).  This document is subject
   to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and
   except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.


Acknowledgment

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.




Nottingham              Expires December 27, 2006              [Page 17]

