## NAME

bison - GNU Project parser generator (yacc replacement)

## SYNOPSIS

bison [OPTION]... FILE

## DESCRIPTION

Bison is a parser generator in the style of yacc (1). It should be upwardly compatible with input files designed for yacc .

Input files should follow the yacc convention of ending in .y .Unlike yacc , the generated files do not have fixed names, but instead use the prefix of the input file. Moreover, if you need to put C++ code in the input file, you can end his name by a C++-like extension (.ypp or .y++), then bison will follow your extension to name the output file (.cpp or .c++). For instance, a grammar description file named parse.yxx would produce the generated parser in a file named parse.tab.cxxinstead of yacc 's y.tab.c or old Bison version's parse.tab.c .

This description of the options that can be given to bison is adapted from the node Invocation in the bison.texi manual, which should be taken as authoritative.

Bison supports both traditional single-letter options and mnemonic long option names. Long option names are indicated with -- instead of - .Abbreviations for option names are allowed as long as they are unique. When a long option takes an argument, like --file-prefixconnect the option name and the argument with = .

Generate a deterministic LR or generalized LR (GLR) parser employing LALR(1), IELR(1), or canonical LR(1) parser tables. IELR(1) and canonical LR(1) support is experimental.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. The same is true for optional arguments.

## Operation modes:

-h, --help display this help and exit

-V, --version output version information and exit

--print-localedir output directory containing locale-dependent data

--print-datadir output directory containing skeletons and XSLT

-y, --yacc emulate POSIX Yacc

-W, --warnings[=CATEGORY] report the warnings falling in CATEGORY

-f, --feature[=FEATURE] activate miscellaneous features

## Parser:

-L, --language=LANGUAGE specify the output programming language

-S, --skeleton=FILE specify the skeleton to use

-t, --debug instrument the parser for tracing same as '-Dparse.trace'

--locations enable location support

-D, --define=NAME[=VALUE] similar to '%define NAME "VALUE"'

-F, --force-define=NAME[=VALUE] override '%define NAME "VALUE"'

-p, --name-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to the external symbols deprecated by '-Dapi.prefix=PREFIX'

-l, --no-lines don't generate '#line' directives

-k, --token-table include a table of token names

## Output:

--defines[=FILE] also produce a header file

-d likewise but cannot specify FILE (for POSIX Yacc)

-r, --report=THINGS also produce details on the automaton

--report-file=FILE write report to FILE

-v, --verbose same as '--report=state'

-b, --file-prefix=PREFIX specify a PREFIX for output files

-o, --output=FILE leave output to FILE

-g, --graph[=FILE] also output a graph of the automaton

-x, --xml[=FILE] also output an XML report of the automaton (the XML schema is experimental)

## Warning categories include:

'midrule-values' unset or unused midrule values

'yacc' incompatibilities with POSIX Yacc

'conflicts-sr' S/R conflicts (enabled by default)

'conflicts-rr' R/R conflicts (enabled by default)

'deprecated' obsolete constructs

'empty-rule' empty rules without %empty

'precedence' useless precedence and associativity

'other' all other warnings (enabled by default)

'all' all the warnings except 'yacc'

'no-CATEGORY' turn off warnings in CATEGORY

'none' turn off all the warnings

'error[=CATEGORY]' treat warnings as errors

## THINGS is a list of comma separated words that can include:

'state' describe the states

'itemset' complete the core item sets with their closure

'lookahead' explicitly associate lookahead tokens to items

'solved' describe shift/reduce conflicts solving

'all' include all the above information

'none' disable the report

## FEATURE is a list of comma separated words that can include:

'caret' show errors with carets

'all' all of the above

'none' disable all of the above

## AUTHOR

Written by Robert Corbett and Richard Stallman.

## REPORTING BUGS

Report bugs to <bug-bison@gnu.org>.
GNU Bison home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/>.
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>.

Report translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>.
For complete documentation, run: info bison.

## COPYRIGHT

Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

## SEE ALSO

lex (1), flex (1), yacc (1).

The full documentation for bison is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and bison programs are properly installed at your site, the command

info bison

should give you access to the complete manual.