## NAME

du - estimate file space usage

## SYNOPSIS

du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

## DESCRIPTION

Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

-0, --null end each output line with NUL, not newline

-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories

--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like

-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below

-b, --bytes equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'

-c, --total produce a grand total

-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line

-d, --max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize

--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F; if F is -, then read names from standard input

-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)

-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

--inodes list inode usage information instead of block usage

-k like --block-size=1K

-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links

-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked

-m like --block-size=1M

-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)

-S, --separate-dirs for directories do not include size of subdirectories

--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument

-t, --threshold=SIZE exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE if negative

--time show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories

--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status

--time-style=STYLE show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'

-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE

--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN

-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems

--help display this help and exit

--version output version information and exit

Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).

## PATTERNS

PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression). The pattern ?matches any one character, whereas *matches any string (composed of zero, one or multiple characters). For example, *.owill match any files whose names end in .o .Therefore, the command

du --exclude=\(aq*.o\(aq

will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o(including the file .oitself).

## AUTHOR

Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and Jim Meyering.

## REPORTING BUGS

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report du translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>

## COPYRIGHT

Copyright © 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

## SEE ALSO

Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du>
or available locally via: info (aq(coreutils) du invocation(aq