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## NAME

Wget - The non-interactive network downloader.

## SYNOPSIS

wget [option]... [s-1URLs0]...

## DESCRIPTION

s-1GNUs0 Wget is a free utility for non-interactive download of files from the Web. It supports s-1HTTP, HTTPS,s0 and s-1FTPs0 protocols, as well as retrieval through s-1HTTPs0 proxies.

Wget is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in the background, while the user is not logged on. This allows you to start a retrieval and disconnect from the system, letting Wget finish the work. By contrast, most of the Web browsers require constant user's presence, which can be a great hindrance when transferring a lot of data.

Wget can follow links in s-1HTML, XHTML,s0 and s-1CSSs0 pages, to create local versions of remote web sites, fully recreating the directory structure of the original site. This is sometimes referred to as *(L"recursive downloading.*(R" While doing that, Wget respects the Robot Exclusion Standard (/robots.txt). Wget can be instructed to convert the links in downloaded files to point at the local files, for offline viewing.

Wget has been designed for robustness over slow or unstable network connections; if a download fails due to a network problem, it will keep retrying until the whole file has been retrieved. If the server supports regetting, it will instruct the server to continue the download from where it left off.

## OPTIONS

## Option Syntax

Since Wget uses s-1GNUs0 getopt to process command-line arguments, every option has a long form along with the short one. Long options are more convenient to remember, but take time to type. You may freely mix different option styles, or specify options after the command-line arguments. Thus you may write:

wget -r --tries=10 http://fly.srk.fer.hr/ -o log

The space between the option accepting an argument and the argument may be omitted. Instead of -o log you can write -olog.

You may put several options that do not require arguments together, like:

wget -drc <URL>

This is completely equivalent to:

wget -d -r -c <URL>

Since the options can be specified after the arguments, you may terminate them with --. So the following will try to download s-1URL s0-x, reporting failure to log:

wget -o log -- -x

The options that accept comma-separated lists all respect the convention that specifying an empty list clears its value. This can be useful to clear the .wgetrc settings. For instance, if your .wgetrc sets f(CW*(C`exclude_directories*(C' to /cgi-bin, the following example will first reset it, and then set it to exclude /~nobody and /~somebody. You can also clear the lists in .wgetrc.

wget -X " -X /~nobody,/~somebody

Most options that do not accept arguments are boolean options, so named because their state can be captured with a yes-or-no (*(L"boolean*(R") variable. For example, --follow-ftp tells Wget to follow s-1FTPs0 links from s-1HTMLs0 files and, on the other hand, --no-glob tells it not to perform file globbing on s-1FTPs0 URLs. A boolean option is either affirmative or negative (beginning with --no). All such options share several properties.

Unless stated otherwise, it is assumed that the default behavior is the opposite of what the option accomplishes. For example, the documented existence of --follow-ftp assumes that the default is to not follow s-1FTPs0 links from s-1HTMLs0 pages.

Affirmative options can be negated by prepending the --no- to the option name; negative options can be negated by omitting the --no- prefix. This might seem superfluous---if the default for an affirmative option is to not do something, then why provide a way to explicitly turn it off? But the startup file may in fact change the default. For instance, using f(CW*(C`follow_ftp = on*(C' in .wgetrc makes Wget follow s-1FTPs0 links by default, and using --no-follow-ftp is the only way to restore the factory default from the command line.

## Basic Startup Options

\fB-V\fR 4

\fB--version\fR 4

Display the version of Wget.

\fB-h\fR 4

\fB--help\fR 4

Print a help message describing all of Wget's command-line options.

\fB-b\fR 4

\fB--background\fR 4

Go to background immediately after startup. If no output file is specified via the -o, output is redirected to wget-log.

\fB-e\fR \fIcommand\fR 4

\fB--execute\fR \fIcommand\fR 4

Execute command as if it were a part of .wgetrc. A command thus invoked will be executed after the commands in .wgetrc, thus taking precedence over them. If you need to specify more than one wgetrc command, use multiple instances of -e.

## Logging and Input File Options

\fB-o\fR \fIlogfile\fR 4

\fB--output-file=\fR\fIlogfile\fR 4

Log all messages to logfile. The messages are normally reported to standard error.

\fB-a\fR \fIlogfile\fR 4

\fB--append-output=\fR\fIlogfile\fR 4

Append to logfile. This is the same as -o, only it appends to logfile instead of overwriting the old log file. If logfile does not exist, a new file is created.

\fB-d\fR 4

\fB--debug\fR 4

Turn on debug output, meaning various information important to the developers of Wget if it does not work properly. Your system administrator may have chosen to compile Wget without debug support, in which case -d will not work. Please note that compiling with debug support is always safe---Wget compiled with the debug support will not print any debug info unless requested with -d.

\fB-q\fR 4

\fB--quiet\fR 4

Turn off Wget's output.

\fB-v\fR 4

\fB--verbose\fR 4

Turn on verbose output, with all the available data. The default output is verbose.

\fB-nv\fR 4

\fB--no-verbose\fR 4

Turn off verbose without being completely quiet (use -q for that), which means that error messages and basic information still get printed.

\fB--report-speed=\fR\fItype\fR 4

Output bandwidth as type. The only accepted value is bits.

\fB-i\fR \fIfile\fR 4

\fB--input-file=\fR\fIfile\fR 4

Read URLs from a local or external file. If - is specified as file, URLs are read from the standard input. (Use ./- to read from a file literally named -.)

If this function is used, no URLs need be present on the command line. If there are URLs both on the command line and in an input file, those on the command lines will be the first ones to be retrieved. If --force-html is not specified, then file should consist of a series of URLs, one per line.

However, if you specify --force-html, the document will be regarded as html. In that case you may have problems with relative links, which you can solve either by adding f(CW*(C`<base href="f(CIurlf(CW">*(C' to the documents or by specifying --base=url on the command line.

If the file is an external one, the document will be automatically treated as html if the Content-Type matches text/html. Furthermore, the file's location will be implicitly used as base href if none was specified.

\fB-F\fR 4

\fB--force-html\fR 4

When input is read from a file, force it to be treated as an s-1HTMLs0 file. This enables you to retrieve relative links from existing s-1HTMLs0 files on your local disk, by adding f(CW*(C`<base href="f(CIurlf(CW">*(C' to s-1HTML,s0 or using the --base command-line option.

\fB-B\fR \fI\s-1URL\s0\fR 4

\fB--base=\fR\fI\s-1URL\s0\fR 4

Resolves relative links using s-1URLs0 as the point of reference, when reading links from an s-1HTMLs0 file specified via the -i/--input-file option (together with --force-html, or when the input file was fetched remotely from a server describing it as s-1HTMLs0). This is equivalent to the presence of a f(CW*(C`BASE*(C' tag in the s-1HTMLs0 input file, with s-1URLs0 as the value for the f(CW*(C`href*(C' attribute.

For instance, if you specify http://foo/bar/a.html for s-1URLs0, and Wget reads ../baz/b.html from the input file, it would be resolved to http://foo/baz/b.html.

\fB--config=\fR\fI\s-1FILE\s0\fR 4

Specify the location of a startup file you wish to use.

## Download Options

\fB--bind-address=\fR\fI\s-1ADDRESS\s0\fR 4

When making client s-1TCP/IPs0 connections, bind to s-1ADDRESSs0 on the local machine. s-1ADDRESSs0 may be specified as a hostname or s-1IPs0 address. This option can be useful if your machine is bound to multiple IPs.

\fB-t\fR \fInumber\fR 4

\fB--tries=\fR\fInumber\fR 4

Set number of tries to number. Specify 0 or inf for infinite retrying. The default is to retry 20 times, with the exception of fatal errors like *(L"connection refused*(R" or *(L"not found*(R" (404), which are not retried.

\fB-O\fR \fIfile\fR 4

\fB--output-document=\fR\fIfile\fR 4

The documents will not be written to the appropriate files, but all will be concatenated together and written to file. If - is used as file, documents will be printed to standard output, disabling link conversion. (Use ./- to print to a file literally named -.)

Use of -O is not intended to mean simply "use the name file instead of the one in the s-1URLs0;" rather, it is analogous to shell redirection: wget -O file http://foo is intended to work like wget -O - http://foo > file; file will be truncated immediately, and all downloaded content will be written there.

For this reason, -N (for timestamp-checking) is not supported in combination with -O: since file is always newly created, it will always have a very new timestamp. A warning will be issued if this combination is used.

Similarly, using -r or -p with -O may not work as you expect: Wget won't just download the first file to file and then download the rest to their normal names: all downloaded content will be placed in file. This was disabled in version 1.11, but has been reinstated (with a warning) in 1.11.2, as there are some cases where this behavior can actually have some use.

Note that a combination with -k is only permitted when downloading a single document, as in that case it will just convert all relative URIs to external ones; -k makes no sense for multiple URIs when they're all being downloaded to a single file; -k can be used only when the output is a regular file.

\fB-nc\fR 4

\fB--no-clobber\fR 4

If a file is downloaded more than once in the same directory, Wget's behavior depends on a few options, including -nc. In certain cases, the local file will be clobbered, or overwritten, upon repeated download. In other cases it will be preserved.

When running Wget without -N, -nc, -r, or -p, downloading the same file in the same directory will result in the original copy of file being preserved and the second copy being named file.1. If that file is downloaded yet again, the third copy will be named file.2, and so on. (This is also the behavior with -nd, even if -r or -p are in effect.) When -nc is specified, this behavior is suppressed, and Wget will refuse to download newer copies of file. Therefore, "f(CW*(C`no-clobber*(C'" is actually a misnomer in this mode---it's not clobbering that's prevented (as the numeric suffixes were already preventing clobbering), but rather the multiple version saving that's prevented.

When running Wget with -r or -p, but without -N, -nd, or -nc, re-downloading a file will result in the new copy simply overwriting the old. Adding -nc will prevent this behavior, instead causing the original version to be preserved and any newer copies on the server to be ignored.

When running Wget with -N, with or without -r or -p, the decision as to whether or not to download a newer copy of a file depends on the local and remote timestamp and size of the file. -nc may not be specified at the same time as -N.

Note that when -nc is specified, files with the suffixes .html or .htm will be loaded from the local disk and parsed as if they had been retrieved from the Web.

\fB--backups=\fR\fIbackups\fR 4

Before (over)writing a file, back up an existing file by adding a .1 suffix (_1 on s-1VMSs0) to the file name. Such backup files are rotated to .2, .3, and so on, up to backups (and lost beyond that).

\fB-c\fR 4

\fB--continue\fR 4

Continue getting a partially-downloaded file. This is useful when you want to finish up a download started by a previous instance of Wget, or by another program. For instance:

wget -c ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/ls-lR.Z

If there is a file named ls-lR.Z in the current directory, Wget will assume that it is the first portion of the remote file, and will ask the server to continue the retrieval from an offset equal to the length of the local file.

Note that you don't need to specify this option if you just want the current invocation of Wget to retry downloading a file should the connection be lost midway through. This is the default behavior. -c only affects resumption of downloads started prior to this invocation of Wget, and whose local files are still sitting around.

Without -c, the previous example would just download the remote file to ls-lR.Z.1, leaving the truncated ls-lR.Z file alone.

Beginning with Wget 1.7, if you use -c on a non-empty file, and it turns out that the server does not support continued downloading, Wget will refuse to start the download from scratch, which would effectively ruin existing contents. If you really want the download to start from scratch, remove the file.

Also beginning with Wget 1.7, if you use -c on a file which is of equal size as the one on the server, Wget will refuse to download the file and print an explanatory message. The same happens when the file is smaller on the server than locally (presumably because it was changed on the server since your last download attempt)---because *(L"continuing*(R" is not meaningful, no download occurs.

On the other side of the coin, while using -c, any file that's bigger on the server than locally will be considered an incomplete download and only f(CW*(C`(length(remote) - length(local))*(C' bytes will be downloaded and tacked onto the end of the local file. This behavior can be desirable in certain cases---for instance, you can use wget -c to download just the new portion that's been appended to a data collection or log file.

However, if the file is bigger on the server because it's been changed, as opposed to just appended to, you'll end up with a garbled file. Wget has no way of verifying that the local file is really a valid prefix of the remote file. You need to be especially careful of this when using -c in conjunction with -r, since every file will be considered as an *(L"incomplete download*(R" candidate.

Another instance where you'll get a garbled file if you try to use -c is if you have a lame s-1HTTPs0 proxy that inserts a *(L"transfer interrupted*(R" string into the local file. In the future a *(L"rollback*(R" option may be added to deal with this case.

Note that -c only works with s-1FTPs0 servers and with s-1HTTPs0 servers that support the f(CW*(C`Range*(C' header.

\fB--start-pos=\fR\fI\s-1OFFSET\s0\fR 4

Start downloading at zero-based position s-1OFFSETs0. Offset may be expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the `k' suffix, or megabytes with the `m' suffix, etc.

--start-pos has higher precedence over --continue. When --start-pos and --continue are both specified, wget will emit a warning then proceed as if --continue was absent.

Server support for continued download is required, otherwise --start-pos cannot help. See -c for details.

\fB--progress=\fR\fItype\fR 4

Select the type of the progress indicator you wish to use. Legal indicators are *(L"dot*(R" and *(L"bar*(R".

The *(L"bar*(R" indicator is used by default. It draws an s-1ASCIIs0 progress bar graphics (a.k.a *(L"thermometer*(R" display) indicating the status of retrieval. If the output is not a s-1TTY,s0 the *(L"dot*(R" bar will be used by default.

Use --progress=dot to switch to the *(L"dot*(R" display. It traces the retrieval by printing dots on the screen, each dot representing a fixed amount of downloaded data.

The progress type can also take one or more parameters. The parameters vary based on the type selected. Parameters to type are passed by appending them to the type sperated by a colon (:) like this: --progress=type:parameter1:parameter2.

When using the dotted retrieval, you may set the style by specifying the type as dot:style. Different styles assign different meaning to one dot. With the f(CW*(C`default*(C' style each dot represents 1K, there are ten dots in a cluster and 50 dots in a line. The f(CW*(C`binary*(C' style has a more *(L"computer*(R"-like orientation---8K dots, 16-dots clusters and 48 dots per line (which makes for 384K lines). The f(CW*(C`mega*(C' style is suitable for downloading large files---each dot represents 64K retrieved, there are eight dots in a cluster, and 48 dots on each line (so each line contains 3M). If f(CW*(C`mega*(C' is not enough then you can use the f(CW*(C`giga*(C' style---each dot represents 1M retrieved, there are eight dots in a cluster, and 32 dots on each line (so each line contains 32M).

With --progress=bar, there are currently two possible parameters, force and noscroll.

When the output is not a s-1TTY,s0 the progress bar always falls back to *(L"dot*(R", even if --progress=bar was passed to Wget during invokation. This behaviour can be overridden and the *(L"bar*(R" output forced by using the *(L"force*(R" parameter as --progress=bar:force.

By default, the bar style progress bar scroll the name of the file from left to right for the file being downloaded if the filename exceeds the maximum length allotted for its display. In certain cases, such as with --progress=bar:force, one may not want the scrolling filename in the progress bar. By passing the *(L"noscroll*(R" parameter, Wget can be forced to display as much of the filename as possible without scrolling through it.

Note that you can set the default style using the f(CW*(C`progress*(C' command in .wgetrc. That setting may be overridden from the command line. For example, to force the bar output without scrolling, use --progress=bar:force:noscroll.

\fB--show-progress\fR 4

Force wget to display the progress bar in any verbosity.

By default, wget only displays the progress bar in verbose mode. One may however want wget to display the progress bar on screen in conjunction with any other verbosity modes like --no-verbose or --quiet. This is often a desired a property when invoking wget to download several small/large files. In such a case, wget could simply be invoked with this parameter to get a much cleaner output on the screen.

\fB-N\fR 4

\fB--timestamping\fR 4

Turn on time-stamping.

\fB--no-use-server-timestamps\fR 4

Don't set the local file's timestamp by the one on the server.

By default, when a file is downloaded, its timestamps are set to match those from the remote file. This allows the use of --timestamping on subsequent invocations of wget. However, it is sometimes useful to base the local file's timestamp on when it was actually downloaded; for that purpose, the --no-use-server-timestamps option has been provided.

\fB-S\fR 4

\fB--server-response\fR 4

Print the headers sent by s-1HTTPs0 servers and responses sent by s-1FTPs0 servers.

\fB--spider\fR 4

When invoked with this option, Wget will behave as a Web spider, which means that it will not download the pages, just check that they are there. For example, you can use Wget to check your bookmarks:

wget --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.html

This feature needs much more work for Wget to get close to the functionality of real web spiders.

\fB-T seconds\fR 4

\fB--timeout=\fR\fIseconds\fR 4

Set the network timeout to seconds seconds. This is equivalent to specifying --dns-timeout, --connect-timeout, and --read-timeout, all at the same time.

When interacting with the network, Wget can check for timeout and abort the operation if it takes too long. This prevents anomalies like hanging reads and infinite connects. The only timeout enabled by default is a 900-second read timeout. Setting a timeout to 0 disables it altogether. Unless you know what you are doing, it is best not to change the default timeout settings.

All timeout-related options accept decimal values, as well as subsecond values. For example, 0.1 seconds is a legal (though unwise) choice of timeout. Subsecond timeouts are useful for checking server response times or for testing network latency.

\fB--dns-timeout=\fR\fIseconds\fR 4

Set the s-1DNSs0 lookup timeout to seconds seconds. s-1DNSs0 lookups that don't complete within the specified time will fail. By default, there is no timeout on s-1DNSs0 lookups, other than that implemented by system libraries.

\fB--connect-timeout=\fR\fIseconds\fR 4

Set the connect timeout to seconds seconds. s-1TCPs0 connections that take longer to establish will be aborted. By default, there is no connect timeout, other than that implemented by system libraries.

\fB--read-timeout=\fR\fIseconds\fR 4

Set the read (and write) timeout to seconds seconds. The *(L"time*(R" of this timeout refers to idle time: if, at any point in the download, no data is received for more than the specified number of seconds, reading fails and the download is restarted. This option does not directly affect the duration of the entire download.

Of course, the remote server may choose to terminate the connection sooner than this option requires. The default read timeout is 900 seconds.

\fB--limit-rate=\fR\fIamount\fR 4

Limit the download speed to amount bytes per second. Amount may be expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the k suffix, or megabytes with the m suffix. For example, --limit-rate=20k will limit the retrieval rate to 20KB/s. This is useful when, for whatever reason, you don't want Wget to consume the entire available bandwidth.

This option allows the use of decimal numbers, usually in conjunction with power suffixes; for example, --limit-rate=2.5k is a legal value.

Note that Wget implements the limiting by sleeping the appropriate amount of time after a network read that took less time than specified by the rate. Eventually this strategy causes the s-1TCPs0 transfer to slow down to approximately the specified rate. However, it may take some time for this balance to be achieved, so don't be surprised if limiting the rate doesn't work well with very small files.

\fB-w\fR \fIseconds\fR 4

\fB--wait=\fR\fIseconds\fR 4

Wait the specified number of seconds between the retrievals. Use of this option is recommended, as it lightens the server load by making the requests less frequent. Instead of in seconds, the time can be specified in minutes using the f(CW*(C`m*(C' suffix, in hours using f(CW*(C`h*(C' suffix, or in days using f(CW*(C`d*(C' suffix.

Specifying a large value for this option is useful if the network or the destination host is down, so that Wget can wait long enough to reasonably expect the network error to be fixed before the retry. The waiting interval specified by this function is influenced by f(CW*(C`--random-wait*(C', which see.

\fB--waitretry=\fR\fIseconds\fR 4

If you don't want Wget to wait between every retrieval, but only between retries of failed downloads, you can use this option. Wget will use linear backoff, waiting 1 second after the first failure on a given file, then waiting 2 seconds after the second failure on that file, up to the maximum number of seconds you specify.

By default, Wget will assume a value of 10 seconds.

\fB--random-wait\fR 4

Some web sites may perform log analysis to identify retrieval programs such as Wget by looking for statistically significant similarities in the time between requests. This option causes the time between requests to vary between 0.5 and 1.5 * wait seconds, where wait was specified using the --wait option, in order to mask Wget's presence from such analysis.

A 2001 article in a publication devoted to development on a popular consumer platform provided code to perform this analysis on the fly. Its author suggested blocking at the class C address level to ensure automated retrieval programs were blocked despite changing DHCP-supplied addresses.

The --random-wait option was inspired by this ill-advised recommendation to block many unrelated users from a web site due to the actions of one.

\fB--no-proxy\fR 4

Don't use proxies, even if the appropriate f(CW*_proxy environment variable is defined.

\fB-Q\fR \fIquota\fR 4

\fB--quota=\fR\fIquota\fR 4

Specify download quota for automatic retrievals. The value can be specified in bytes (default), kilobytes (with k suffix), or megabytes (with m suffix).

Note that quota will never affect downloading a single file. So if you specify wget -Q10k ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/ls-lR.gz, all of the ls-lR.gz will be downloaded. The same goes even when several URLs are specified on the command-line. However, quota is respected when retrieving either recursively, or from an input file. Thus you may safely type wget -Q2m -i sites---download will be aborted when the quota is exceeded.

Setting quota to 0 or to inf unlimits the download quota.

\fB--no-dns-cache\fR 4

Turn off caching of s-1DNSs0 lookups. Normally, Wget remembers the s-1IPs0 addresses it looked up from s-1DNSs0 so it doesn't have to repeatedly contact the s-1DNSs0 server for the same (typically small) set of hosts it retrieves from. This cache exists in memory only; a new Wget run will contact s-1DNSs0 again.

However, it has been reported that in some situations it is not desirable to cache host names, even for the duration of a short-running application like Wget. With this option Wget issues a new s-1DNSs0 lookup (more precisely, a new call to f(CW*(C`gethostbyname*(C' or f(CW*(C`getaddrinfo*(C') each time it makes a new connection. Please note that this option will not affect caching that might be performed by the resolving library or by an external caching layer, such as s-1NSCD.s0

If you don't understand exactly what this option does, you probably won't need it.

\fB--restrict-file-names=\fR\fImodes\fR 4

Change which characters found in remote URLs must be escaped during generation of local filenames. Characters that are restricted by this option are escaped, i.e. replaced with f(CB%HH, where s-1HHs0 is the hexadecimal number that corresponds to the restricted character. This option may also be used to force all alphabetical cases to be either lower- or uppercase.

By default, Wget escapes the characters that are not valid or safe as part of file names on your operating system, as well as control characters that are typically unprintable. This option is useful for changing these defaults, perhaps because you are downloading to a non-native partition, or because you want to disable escaping of the control characters, or you want to further restrict characters to only those in the s-1ASCIIs0 range of values.

The modes are a comma-separated set of text values. The acceptable values are unix, windows, nocontrol, ascii, lowercase, and uppercase. The values unix and windows are mutually exclusive (one will override the other), as are lowercase and uppercase. Those last are special cases, as they do not change the set of characters that would be escaped, but rather force local file paths to be converted either to lower- or uppercase.

When *(L"unix*(R" is specified, Wget escapes the character / and the control characters in the ranges 0--31 and 128--159. This is the default on Unix-like operating systems.

When *(L"windows*(R" is given, Wget escapes the characters e, |, /, :, ?, ", *, <, >, and the control characters in the ranges 0--31 and 128--159. In addition to this, Wget in Windows mode uses + instead of : to separate host and port in local file names, and uses @ instead of ? to separate the query portion of the file name from the rest. Therefore, a s-1URLs0 that would be saved as www.xemacs.org:4300/search.pl?input=blah in Unix mode would be saved as www.xemacs.org+4300/search.pl@input=blah in Windows mode. This mode is the default on Windows.

If you specify nocontrol, then the escaping of the control characters is also switched off. This option may make sense when you are downloading URLs whose names contain s-1UTF-8s0 characters, on a system which can save and display filenames in s-1UTF-8 s0(some possible byte values used in s-1UTF-8s0 byte sequences fall in the range of values designated by Wget as *(L"controls*(R").

The ascii mode is used to specify that any bytes whose values are outside the range of s-1ASCIIs0 characters (that is, greater than 127) shall be escaped. This can be useful when saving filenames whose encoding does not match the one used locally.

\fB-4\fR 4

\fB--inet4-only\fR 4

\fB-6\fR 4

\fB--inet6-only\fR 4

Force connecting to IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. With --inet4-only or -4, Wget will only connect to IPv4 hosts, ignoring s-1AAAAs0 records in s-1DNS,s0 and refusing to connect to IPv6 addresses specified in URLs. Conversely, with --inet6-only or -6, Wget will only connect to IPv6 hosts and ignore A records and IPv4 addresses.

Neither options should be needed normally. By default, an IPv6-aware Wget will use the address family specified by the host's s-1DNSs0 record. If the s-1DNSs0 responds with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, Wget will try them in sequence until it finds one it can connect to. (Also see f(CW*(C`--prefer-family*(C' option described below.)

These options can be used to deliberately force the use of IPv4 or IPv6 address families on dual family systems, usually to aid debugging or to deal with broken network configuration. Only one of --inet6-only and --inet4-only may be specified at the same time. Neither option is available in Wget compiled without IPv6 support.

\fB--prefer-family=none/IPv4/IPv6\fR 4

When given a choice of several addresses, connect to the addresses with specified address family first. The address order returned by s-1DNSs0 is used without change by default.

This avoids spurious errors and connect attempts when accessing hosts that resolve to both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses from IPv4 networks. For example, www.kame.net resolves to 2001:200:0:8002:203:47ff:fea5:3085 and to 203.178.141.194. When the preferred family is f(CW*(C`IPv4*(C', the IPv4 address is used first; when the preferred family is f(CW*(C`IPv6*(C', the IPv6 address is used first; if the specified value is f(CW*(C`none*(C', the address order returned by s-1DNSs0 is used without change.

Unlike -4 and -6, this option doesn't inhibit access to any address family, it only changes the order in which the addresses are accessed. Also note that the reordering performed by this option is stable---it doesn't affect order of addresses of the same family. That is, the relative order of all IPv4 addresses and of all IPv6 addresses remains intact in all cases.

\fB--retry-connrefused\fR 4

Consider *(L"connection refused*(R" a transient error and try again. Normally Wget gives up on a s-1URLs0 when it is unable to connect to the site because failure to connect is taken as a sign that the server is not running at all and that retries would not help. This option is for mirroring unreliable sites whose servers tend to disappear for short periods of time.

\fB--user=\fR\fIuser\fR 4

\fB--password=\fR\fIpassword\fR 4

Specify the username user and password password for both s-1FTPs0 and s-1HTTPs0 file retrieval. These parameters can be overridden using the --ftp-user and --ftp-password options for s-1FTPs0 connections and the --http-user and --http-password options for s-1HTTPs0 connections.

\fB--ask-password\fR 4

Prompt for a password for each connection established. Cannot be specified when --password is being used, because they are mutually exclusive.

\fB--no-iri\fR 4

Turn off internationalized s-1URI s0(s-1IRIs0) support. Use --iri to turn it on. s-1IRIs0 support is activated by default.

You can set the default state of s-1IRIs0 support using the f(CW*(C`iri*(C' command in .wgetrc. That setting may be overridden from the command line.

\fB--local-encoding=\fR\fIencoding\fR 4

Force Wget to use encoding as the default system encoding. That affects how Wget converts URLs specified as arguments from locale to s-1UTF-8s0 for s-1IRIs0 support.

Wget use the function f(CW*(C`nl_langinfo()*(C' and then the f(CW*(C`CHARSET*(C' environment variable to get the locale. If it fails, s-1ASCIIs0 is used.

You can set the default local encoding using the f(CW*(C`local_encoding*(C' command in .wgetrc. That setting may be overridden from the command line.

\fB--remote-encoding=\fR\fIencoding\fR 4

Force Wget to use encoding as the default remote server encoding. That affects how Wget converts URIs found in files from remote encoding to s-1UTF-8s0 during a recursive fetch. This options is only useful for s-1IRIs0 support, for the interpretation of non-ASCII characters.

For s-1HTTP,s0 remote encoding can be found in s-1HTTP s0f(CW*(C`Content-Type*(C' header and in s-1HTML s0f(CW*(C`Content-Type http-equiv*(C' meta tag.

You can set the default encoding using the f(CW*(C`remoteencoding*(C' command in .wgetrc. That setting may be overridden from the command line.

\fB--unlink\fR 4

Force Wget to unlink file instead of clobbering existing file. This option is useful for downloading to the directory with hardlinks.

## Directory Options

\fB-nd\fR 4

\fB--no-directories\fR 4

Do not create a hierarchy of directories when retrieving recursively. With this option turned on, all files will get saved to the current directory, without clobbering (if a name shows up more than once, the filenames will get extensions .n).

\fB-x\fR 4

\fB--force-directories\fR 4

The opposite of -nd---create a hierarchy of directories, even if one would not have been created otherwise. E.g. wget -x http://fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt will save the downloaded file to fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt.

\fB-nH\fR 4

\fB--no-host-directories\fR 4

Disable generation of host-prefixed directories. By default, invoking Wget with -r http://fly.srk.fer.hr/ will create a structure of directories beginning with fly.srk.fer.hr/. This option disables such behavior.

\fB--protocol-directories\fR 4

Use the protocol name as a directory component of local file names. For example, with this option, wget -r http://host will save to http/host/... rather than just to host/....

\fB--cut-dirs=\fR\fInumber\fR 4

Ignore number directory components. This is useful for getting a fine-grained control over the directory where recursive retrieval will be saved.

Take, for example, the directory at ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/. If you retrieve it with -r, it will be saved locally under ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/. While the -nH option can remove the ftp.xemacs.org/ part, you are still stuck with pub/xemacs. This is where --cut-dirs comes in handy; it makes Wget not *(L"see*(R" number remote directory components. Here are several examples of how --cut-dirs option works.

No options -> ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/ -nH -> pub/xemacs/ -nH --cut-dirs=1 -> xemacs/ -nH --cut-dirs=2 -> .

--cut-dirs=1 -> ftp.xemacs.org/xemacs/ ...

If you just want to get rid of the directory structure, this option is similar to a combination of -nd and -P. However, unlike -nd, --cut-dirs does not lose with subdirectories---for instance, with -nH --cut-dirs=1, a beta/ subdirectory will be placed to xemacs/beta, as one would expect.

\fB-P\fR \fIprefix\fR 4

\fB--directory-prefix=\fR\fIprefix\fR 4

Set directory prefix to prefix. The directory prefix is the directory where all other files and subdirectories will be saved to, i.e. the top of the retrieval tree. The default is . (the current directory).

## \s-1HTTP\s0 Options

\fB--default-page=\fR\fIname\fR 4

Use name as the default file name when it isn't known (i.e., for URLs that end in a slash), instead of index.html.

\fB-E\fR 4

\fB--adjust-extension\fR 4

If a file of type application/xhtml+xml or text/html is downloaded and the s-1URLs0 does not end with the regexp e.[Hh][Tt][Mm][Ll]?, this option will cause the suffix .html to be appended to the local filename. This is useful, for instance, when you're mirroring a remote site that uses .asp pages, but you want the mirrored pages to be viewable on your stock Apache server. Another good use for this is when you're downloading CGI-generated materials. A s-1URL s0 like http://site.com/article.cgi?25 will be saved as article.cgi?25.html.

Note that filenames changed in this way will be re-downloaded every time you re-mirror a site, because Wget can't tell that the local X.html file corresponds to remote s-1URL s0X (since it doesn't yet know that the s-1URLs0 produces output of type text/html or application/xhtml+xml.

As of version 1.12, Wget will also ensure that any downloaded files of type text/css end in the suffix .css, and the option was renamed from --html-extension, to better reflect its new behavior. The old option name is still acceptable, but should now be considered deprecated.

At some point in the future, this option may well be expanded to include suffixes for other types of content, including content types that are not parsed by Wget.

\fB--http-user=\fR\fIuser\fR 4

\fB--http-password=\fR\fIpassword\fR 4

Specify the username user and password password on an s-1HTTPs0 server. According to the type of the challenge, Wget will encode them using either the f(CW*(C`basic*(C' (insecure), the f(CW*(C`digest*(C', or the Windows f(CW*(C`NTLM*(C' authentication scheme.

Another way to specify username and password is in the s-1URLs0 itself. Either method reveals your password to anyone who bothers to run f(CW*(C`ps*(C'. To prevent the passwords from being seen, store them in .wgetrc or .netrc, and make sure to protect those files from other users with f(CW*(C`chmod*(C'. If the passwords are really important, do not leave them lying in those files either---edit the files and delete them after Wget has started the download.

\fB--no-http-keep-alive\fR 4

Turn off the *(L"keep-alive*(R" feature for s-1HTTPs0 downloads. Normally, Wget asks the server to keep the connection open so that, when you download more than one document from the same server, they get transferred over the same s-1TCPs0 connection. This saves time and at the same time reduces the load on the server.

This option is useful when, for some reason, persistent (keep-alive) connections don't work for you, for example due to a server bug or due to the inability of server-side scripts to cope with the connections.

\fB--no-cache\fR 4

Disable server-side cache. In this case, Wget will send the remote server an appropriate directive (Pragma: no-cache) to get the file from the remote service, rather than returning the cached version. This is especially useful for retrieving and flushing out-of-date documents on proxy servers.

Caching is allowed by default.

\fB--no-cookies\fR 4

Disable the use of cookies. Cookies are a mechanism for maintaining server-side state. The server sends the client a cookie using the f(CW*(C`Set-Cookie*(C' header, and the client responds with the same cookie upon further requests. Since cookies allow the server owners to keep track of visitors and for sites to exchange this information, some consider them a breach of privacy. The default is to use cookies; however, storing cookies is not on by default.

\fB--load-cookies\fR \fIfile\fR 4

Load cookies from file before the first s-1HTTPs0 retrieval. file is a textual file in the format originally used by Netscape's cookies.txt file.

You will typically use this option when mirroring sites that require that you be logged in to access some or all of their content. The login process typically works by the web server issuing an s-1HTTPs0 cookie upon receiving and verifying your credentials. The cookie is then resent by the browser when accessing that part of the site, and so proves your identity.

Mirroring such a site requires Wget to send the same cookies your browser sends when communicating with the site. This is achieved by --load-cookies---simply point Wget to the location of the cookies.txt file, and it will send the same cookies your browser would send in the same situation. Different browsers keep textual cookie files in different locations:

The cookies are in ~/.netscape/cookies.txt.

Mozilla's cookie file is also named cookies.txt, located somewhere under ~/.mozilla, in the directory of your profile. The full path usually ends up looking somewhat like ~/.mozilla/default/some-weird-string/cookies.txt.

You can produce a cookie file Wget can use by using the File menu, Import and Export, Export Cookies. This has been tested with Internet Explorer 5; it is not guaranteed to work with earlier versions.

If you are using a different browser to create your cookies, --load-cookies will only work if you can locate or produce a cookie file in the Netscape format that Wget expects.

If you cannot use --load-cookies, there might still be an alternative. If your browser supports a *(L"cookie manager*(R", you can use it to view the cookies used when accessing the site you're mirroring. Write down the name and value of the cookie, and manually instruct Wget to send those cookies, bypassing the *(L"official*(R" cookie support:

wget --no-cookies --header "Cookie: <name>=<value>"

\fB--save-cookies\fR \fIfile\fR 4

Save cookies to file before exiting. This will not save cookies that have expired or that have no expiry time (so-called *(L"session cookies*(R"), but also see --keep-session-cookies.

\fB--keep-session-cookies\fR 4

When specified, causes --save-cookies to also save session cookies. Session cookies are normally not saved because they are meant to be kept in memory and forgotten when you exit the browser. Saving them is useful on sites that require you to log in or to visit the home page before you can access some pages. With this option, multiple Wget runs are considered a single browser session as far as the site is concerned.

Since the cookie file format does not normally carry session cookies, Wget marks them with an expiry timestamp of 0. Wget's --load-cookies recognizes those as session cookies, but it might confuse other browsers. Also note that cookies so loaded will be treated as other session cookies, which means that if you want --save-cookies to preserve them again, you must use --keep-session-cookies again.

\fB--ignore-length\fR 4

Unfortunately, some s-1HTTPs0 servers (s-1CGIs0 programs, to be more precise) send out bogus f(CW*(C`Content-Length*(C' headers, which makes Wget go wild, as it thinks not all the document was retrieved. You can spot this syndrome if Wget retries getting the same document again and again, each time claiming that the (otherwise normal) connection has closed on the very same byte.

With this option, Wget will ignore the f(CW*(C`Content-Length*(C' header---as if it never existed.

\fB--header=\fR\fIheader-line\fR 4

Send header-line along with the rest of the headers in each s-1HTTPs0 request. The supplied header is sent as-is, which means it must contain name and value separated by colon, and must not contain newlines.

You may define more than one additional header by specifying --header more than once.

wget --header=*(AqAccept-Charset: iso-8859-2*(Aq e --header=*(AqAccept-Language: hr*(Aq e http://fly.srk.fer.hr/

Specification of an empty string as the header value will clear all previous user-defined headers.

As of Wget 1.10, this option can be used to override headers otherwise generated automatically. This example instructs Wget to connect to localhost, but to specify foo.bar in the f(CW*(C`Host*(C' header:

wget --header="Host: foo.bar" http://localhost/

In versions of Wget prior to 1.10 such use of --header caused sending of duplicate headers.

\fB--max-redirect=\fR\fInumber\fR 4

Specifies the maximum number of redirections to follow for a resource. The default is 20, which is usually far more than necessary. However, on those occasions where you want to allow more (or fewer), this is the option to use.

\fB--proxy-user=\fR\fIuser\fR 4

\fB--proxy-password=\fR\fIpassword\fR 4

Specify the username user and password password for authentication on a proxy server. Wget will encode them using the f(CW*(C`basic*(C' authentication scheme.

Security considerations similar to those with --http-password pertain here as well.

\fB--referer=\fR\fIurl\fR 4

Include `Referer: url' header in s-1HTTPs0 request. Useful for retrieving documents with server-side processing that assume they are always being retrieved by interactive web browsers and only come out properly when Referer is set to one of the pages that point to them.

\fB--save-headers\fR 4

Save the headers sent by the s-1HTTPs0 server to the file, preceding the actual contents, with an empty line as the separator.

\fB-U\fR \fIagent-string\fR 4

\fB--user-agent=\fR\fIagent-string\fR 4

Identify as agent-string to the s-1HTTPs0 server.

The s-1HTTPs0 protocol allows the clients to identify themselves using a f(CW*(C`User-Agent*(C' header field. This enables distinguishing the s-1WWWs0 software, usually for statistical purposes or for tracing of protocol violations. Wget normally identifies as Wget/version, version being the current version number of Wget.

However, some sites have been known to impose the policy of tailoring the output according to the f(CW*(C`User-Agent*(C'-supplied information. While this is not such a bad idea in theory, it has been abused by servers denying information to clients other than (historically) Netscape or, more frequently, Microsoft Internet Explorer. This option allows you to change the f(CW*(C`User-Agent*(C' line issued by Wget. Use of this option is discouraged, unless you really know what you are doing.

Specifying empty user agent with --user-agent="" instructs Wget not to send the f(CW*(C`User-Agent*(C' header in s-1HTTPs0 requests.

\fB--post-data=\fR\fIstring\fR 4

\fB--post-file=\fR\fIfile\fR 4

Use s-1POSTs0 as the method for all s-1HTTPs0 requests and send the specified data in the request body. --post-data sends string as data, whereas --post-file sends the contents of file. Other than that, they work in exactly the same way. In particular, they both expect content of the form f(CW*(C`key1=value1&key2=value2*(C', with percent-encoding for special characters; the only difference is that one expects its content as a command-line parameter and the other accepts its content from a file. In particular, --post-file is not for transmitting files as form attachments: those must appear as f(CW*(C`key=value*(C' data (with appropriate percent-coding) just like everything else. Wget does not currently support f(CW*(C`multipart/form-data*(C' for transmitting s-1POSTs0 data; only f(CW*(C`application/x-www-form-urlencoded*(C'. Only one of --post-data and --post-file should be specified.

Please note that wget does not require the content to be of the form f(CW*(C`key1=value1&key2=value2*(C', and neither does it test for it. Wget will simply transmit whatever data is provided to it. Most servers however expect the s-1POSTs0 data to be in the above format when processing s-1HTMLs0 Forms.

Please be aware that Wget needs to know the size of the s-1POSTs0 data in advance. Therefore the argument to f(CW*(C`--post-file*(C' must be a regular file; specifying a s-1FIFOs0 or something like /dev/stdin won't work. It's not quite clear how to work around this limitation inherent in s-1HTTP/1.0. s0 Although s-1HTTP/1.1s0 introduces chunked transfer that doesn't require knowing the request length in advance, a client can't use chunked unless it knows it's talking to an s-1HTTP/1.1s0 server. And it can't know that until it receives a response, which in turn requires the request to have been completed *(-- a chicken-and-egg problem.

Note: As of version 1.15 if Wget is redirected after the s-1POSTs0 request is completed, its behaviour will depend on the response code returned by the server. In case of a 301 Moved Permanently, 302 Moved Temporarily or 307 Temporary Redirect, Wget will, in accordance with s-1RFC2616,s0 continue to send a s-1POSTs0 request. In case a server wants the client to change the Request method upon redirection, it should send a 303 See Other response code.

This example shows how to log in to a server using s-1POSTs0 and then proceed to download the desired pages, presumably only accessible to authorized users:

# Log in to the server. This can be done only once. wget --save-cookies cookies.txt e --post-data *(Aquser=foo&password=bar*(Aq e http://server.com/auth.php

# Now grab the page or pages we care about. wget --load-cookies cookies.txt e -p http://server.com/interesting/article.php

If the server is using session cookies to track user authentication, the above will not work because --save-cookies will not save them (and neither will browsers) and the cookies.txt file will be empty. In that case use --keep-session-cookies along with --save-cookies to force saving of session cookies.

\fB--method=\fR\fIHTTP-Method\fR 4

For the purpose of RESTful scripting, Wget allows sending of other s-1HTTPs0 Methods without the need to explicitly set them using --header=Header-Line. Wget will use whatever string is passed to it after --method as the s-1HTTPs0 Method to the server.

\fB--body-data=\fR\fIData-String\fR 4

\fB--body-file=\fR\fIData-File\fR 4

Must be set when additional data needs to be sent to the server along with the Method specified using --method. --body-data sends string as data, whereas --body-file sends the contents of file. Other than that, they work in exactly the same way.

Currently, --body-file is not for transmitting files as a whole. Wget does not currently support f(CW*(C`multipart/form-data*(C' for transmitting data; only f(CW*(C`application/x-www-form-urlencoded*(C'. In the future, this may be changed so that wget sends the --body-file as a complete file instead of sending its contents to the server. Please be aware that Wget needs to know the contents of s-1BODYs0 Data in advance, and hence the argument to --body-file should be a regular file. See --post-file for a more detailed explanation. Only one of --body-data and --body-file should be specified.

If Wget is redirected after the request is completed, Wget will suspend the current method and send a s-1GETs0 request till the redirection is completed. This is true for all redirection response codes except 307 Temporary Redirect which is used to explicitly specify that the request method should not change. Another exception is when the method is set to f(CW*(C`POST*(C', in which case the redirection rules specified under --post-data are followed.

\fB--content-disposition\fR 4

If this is set to on, experimental (not fully-functional) support for f(CW*(C`Content-Disposition*(C' headers is enabled. This can currently result in extra round-trips to the server for a f(CW*(C`HEAD*(C' request, and is known to suffer from a few bugs, which is why it is not currently enabled by default.

This option is useful for some file-downloading s-1CGIs0 programs that use f(CW*(C`Content-Disposition*(C' headers to describe what the name of a downloaded file should be.

\fB--content-on-error\fR 4

If this is set to on, wget will not skip the content when the server responds with a http status code that indicates error.

\fB--trust-server-names\fR 4

If this is set to on, on a redirect the last component of the redirection s-1URLs0 will be used as the local file name. By default it is used the last component in the original s-1URL.s0

\fB--auth-no-challenge\fR 4

If this option is given, Wget will send Basic s-1HTTPs0 authentication information (plaintext username and password) for all requests, just like Wget 1.10.2 and prior did by default.

Use of this option is not recommended, and is intended only to support some few obscure servers, which never send s-1HTTPs0 authentication challenges, but accept unsolicited auth info, say, in addition to form-based authentication.

## \s-1HTTPS \s0(\s-1SSL/TLS\s0) Options

To support encrypted s-1HTTP s0(s-1HTTPSs0) downloads, Wget must be compiled with an external s-1SSLs0 library, currently OpenSSL. If Wget is compiled without s-1SSLs0 support, none of these options are available.

\fB--secure-protocol=\fR\fIprotocol\fR 4

Choose the secure protocol to be used. Legal values are auto, SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1_1, TLSv1_2 and s-1PFSs0. If auto is used, the s-1SSLs0 library is given the liberty of choosing the appropriate protocol automatically, which is achieved by sending a TLSv1 greeting. This is the default.

Specifying SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1_1 or TLSv1_2 forces the use of the corresponding protocol. This is useful when talking to old and buggy s-1SSLs0 server implementations that make it hard for the underlying s-1SSLs0 library to choose the correct protocol version. Fortunately, such servers are quite rare.

Specifying s-1PFSs0 enforces the use of the so-called Perfect Forward Security cipher suites. In short, s-1PFSs0 adds security by creating a one-time key for each s-1SSLs0 connection. It has a bit more s-1CPUs0 impact on client and server. We use known to be secure ciphers (e.g. no s-1MD4s0) and the s-1TLSs0 protocol.

\fB--https-only\fR 4

When in recursive mode, only s-1HTTPSs0 links are followed.

\fB--no-check-certificate\fR 4

Don't check the server certificate against the available certificate authorities. Also don't require the s-1URLs0 host name to match the common name presented by the certificate.

As of Wget 1.10, the default is to verify the server's certificate against the recognized certificate authorities, breaking the s-1SSLs0 handshake and aborting the download if the verification fails. Although this provides more secure downloads, it does break interoperability with some sites that worked with previous Wget versions, particularly those using self-signed, expired, or otherwise invalid certificates. This option forces an *(L"insecure*(R" mode of operation that turns the certificate verification errors into warnings and allows you to proceed.

If you encounter *(L"certificate verification*(R" errors or ones saying that *(L"common name doesn't match requested host name*(R", you can use this option to bypass the verification and proceed with the download. Only use this option if you are otherwise convinced of the site's authenticity, or if you really don't care about the validity of its certificate. It is almost always a bad idea not to check the certificates when transmitting confidential or important data.

\fB--certificate=\fR\fIfile\fR 4

Use the client certificate stored in file. This is needed for servers that are configured to require certificates from the clients that connect to them. Normally a certificate is not required and this switch is optional.

\fB--certificate-type=\fR\fItype\fR 4

Specify the type of the client certificate. Legal values are s-1PEMs0 (assumed by default) and s-1DERs0, also known as s-1ASN1s0.

\fB--private-key=\fR\fIfile\fR 4

Read the private key from file. This allows you to provide the private key in a file separate from the certificate.

\fB--private-key-type=\fR\fItype\fR 4

Specify the type of the private key. Accepted values are s-1PEMs0 (the default) and s-1DERs0.

\fB--ca-certificate=\fR\fIfile\fR 4

Use file as the file with the bundle of certificate authorities (*(L"s-1CA*(R"s0) to verify the peers. The certificates must be in s-1PEMs0 format.

Without this option Wget looks for s-1CAs0 certificates at the system-specified locations, chosen at OpenSSL installation time.

\fB--ca-directory=\fR\fIdirectory\fR 4

Specifies directory containing s-1CAs0 certificates in s-1PEMs0 format. Each file contains one s-1CAs0 certificate, and the file name is based on a hash value derived from the certificate. This is achieved by processing a certificate directory with the f(CW*(C`c_rehash*(C' utility supplied with OpenSSL. Using --ca-directory is more efficient than --ca-certificate when many certificates are installed because it allows Wget to fetch certificates on demand.

Without this option Wget looks for s-1CAs0 certificates at the system-specified locations, chosen at OpenSSL installation time.

\fB--random-file=\fR\fIfile\fR 4

Use file as the source of random data for seeding the pseudo-random number generator on systems without /dev/random.

On such systems the s-1SSLs0 library needs an external source of randomness to initialize. Randomness may be provided by s-1EGD s0(see --egd-file below) or read from an external source specified by the user. If this option is not specified, Wget looks for random data in f(CW$RANDFILE or, if that is unset, in f(CI$HOME/.rnd. If none of those are available, it is likely that s-1SSLs0 encryption will not be usable.

If you're getting the *(L"Could not seed OpenSSL s-1PRNGs0; disabling s-1SSL.*(R" s0 error, you should provide random data using some of the methods described above.

\fB--egd-file=\fR\fIfile\fR 4

Use file as the s-1EGDs0 socket. s-1EGDs0 stands for Entropy Gathering Daemon, a user-space program that collects data from various unpredictable system sources and makes it available to other programs that might need it. Encryption software, such as the s-1SSLs0 library, needs sources of non-repeating randomness to seed the random number generator used to produce cryptographically strong keys.

OpenSSL allows the user to specify his own source of entropy using the f(CW*(C`RAND_FILE*(C' environment variable. If this variable is unset, or if the specified file does not produce enough randomness, OpenSSL will read random data from s-1EGDs0 socket specified using this option.

If this option is not specified (and the equivalent startup command is not used), s-1EGDs0 is never contacted. s-1EGDs0 is not needed on modern Unix systems that support /dev/random.

\fB--warc-file=\fR\fIfile\fR 4

Use file as the destination s-1WARCs0 file.

\fB--warc-header=\fR\fIstring\fR 4

Use string into as the warcinfo record.

\fB--warc-max-size=\fR\fIsize\fR 4

Set the maximum size of the s-1WARCs0 files to size.

\fB--warc-cdx\fR 4

Write s-1CDXs0 index files.

\fB--warc-dedup=\fR\fIfile\fR 4

Do not store records listed in this s-1CDXs0 file.

\fB--no-warc-compression\fR 4

Do not compress s-1WARCs0 files with s-1GZIP.s0

\fB--no-warc-digests\fR 4

Do not calculate s-1SHA1s0 digests.

\fB--no-warc-keep-log\fR 4

Do not store the log file in a s-1WARCs0 record.

\fB--warc-tempdir=\fR\fIdir\fR 4

Specify the location for temporary files created by the s-1WARCs0 writer.

## \s-1FTP\s0 Options

\fB--ftp-user=\fR\fIuser\fR 4

\fB--ftp-password=\fR\fIpassword\fR 4

Specify the username user and password password on an s-1FTPs0 server. Without this, or the corresponding startup option, the password defaults to -wget@, normally used for anonymous s-1FTP.s0

Another way to specify username and password is in the s-1URLs0 itself. Either method reveals your password to anyone who bothers to run f(CW*(C`ps*(C'. To prevent the passwords from being seen, store them in .wgetrc or .netrc, and make sure to protect those files from other users with f(CW*(C`chmod*(C'. If the passwords are really important, do not leave them lying in those files either---edit the files and delete them after Wget has started the download.

\fB--no-remove-listing\fR 4

Don't remove the temporary .listing files generated by s-1FTPs0 retrievals. Normally, these files contain the raw directory listings received from s-1FTPs0 servers. Not removing them can be useful for debugging purposes, or when you want to be able to easily check on the contents of remote server directories (e.g. to verify that a mirror you're running is complete).

Note that even though Wget writes to a known filename for this file, this is not a security hole in the scenario of a user making .listing a symbolic link to /etc/passwd or something and asking f(CW*(C`root*(C' to run Wget in his or her directory. Depending on the options used, either Wget will refuse to write to .listing, making the globbing/recursion/time-stamping operation fail, or the symbolic link will be deleted and replaced with the actual .listing file, or the listing will be written to a .listing.number file.

Even though this situation isn't a problem, though, f(CW*(C`root*(C' should never run Wget in a non-trusted user's directory. A user could do something as simple as linking index.html to /etc/passwd and asking f(CW*(C`root*(C' to run Wget with -N or -r so the file will be overwritten.

\fB--no-glob\fR 4

Turn off s-1FTPs0 globbing. Globbing refers to the use of shell-like special characters (wildcards), like *, ?, [ and ] to retrieve more than one file from the same directory at once, like:

wget ftp://gnjilux.srk.fer.hr/*.msg

By default, globbing will be turned on if the s-1URLs0 contains a globbing character. This option may be used to turn globbing on or off permanently.

You may have to quote the s-1URLs0 to protect it from being expanded by your shell. Globbing makes Wget look for a directory listing, which is system-specific. This is why it currently works only with Unix s-1FTPs0 servers (and the ones emulating Unix f(CW*(C`ls*(C' output).

\fB--no-passive-ftp\fR 4

Disable the use of the passive s-1FTPs0 transfer mode. Passive s-1FTPs0 mandates that the client connect to the server to establish the data connection rather than the other way around.

If the machine is connected to the Internet directly, both passive and active s-1FTPs0 should work equally well. Behind most firewall and s-1NATs0 configurations passive s-1FTPs0 has a better chance of working. However, in some rare firewall configurations, active s-1FTPs0 actually works when passive s-1FTPs0 doesn't. If you suspect this to be the case, use this option, or set f(CW*(C`passive_ftp=off*(C' in your init file.

\fB--preserve-permissions\fR 4

Preserve remote file permissions instead of permissions set by umask.

\fB--retr-symlinks\fR 4

By default, when retrieving s-1FTPs0 directories recursively and a symbolic link is encountered, the symbolic link is traversed and the pointed-to files are retrieved. Currently, Wget does not traverse symbolic links to directories to download them recursively, though this feature may be added in the future.

When --retr-symlinks=no is specified, the linked-to file is not downloaded. Instead, a matching symbolic link is created on the local filesystem. The pointed-to file will not be retrieved unless this recursive retrieval would have encountered it separately and downloaded it anyway. This option poses a security risk where a malicious s-1FTPs0 Server may cause Wget to write to files outside of the intended directories through a specially crafted .LISTING file.

Note that when retrieving a file (not a directory) because it was specified on the command-line, rather than because it was recursed to, this option has no effect. Symbolic links are always traversed in this case.

## Recursive Retrieval Options

\fB-r\fR 4

\fB--recursive\fR 4

Turn on recursive retrieving. The default maximum depth is 5.

\fB-l\fR \fIdepth\fR 4

\fB--level=\fR\fIdepth\fR 4

Specify recursion maximum depth level depth.

\fB--delete-after\fR 4

This option tells Wget to delete every single file it downloads, after having done so. It is useful for pre-fetching popular pages through a proxy, e.g.:

wget -r -nd --delete-after http://whatever.com/~popular/page/

The -r option is to retrieve recursively, and -nd to not create directories.

Note that --delete-after deletes files on the local machine. It does not issue the s-1DELEs0 command to remote s-1FTPs0 sites, for instance. Also note that when --delete-after is specified, --convert-links is ignored, so .orig files are simply not created in the first place.

\fB-k\fR 4

\fB--convert-links\fR 4

After the download is complete, convert the links in the document to make them suitable for local viewing. This affects not only the visible hyperlinks, but any part of the document that links to external content, such as embedded images, links to style sheets, hyperlinks to non-HTML content, etc.

Each link will be changed in one of the two ways:

\(bu 4

The links to files that have been downloaded by Wget will be changed to refer to the file they point to as a relative link.

Example: if the downloaded file /foo/doc.html links to /bar/img.gif, also downloaded, then the link in doc.html will be modified to point to ../bar/img.gif. This kind of transformation works reliably for arbitrary combinations of directories.

\(bu 4

The links to files that have not been downloaded by Wget will be changed to include host name and absolute path of the location they point to.

Example: if the downloaded file /foo/doc.html links to /bar/img.gif (or to ../bar/img.gif), then the link in doc.html will be modified to point to http://hostname/bar/img.gif.

Because of this, local browsing works reliably: if a linked file was downloaded, the link will refer to its local name; if it was not downloaded, the link will refer to its full Internet address rather than presenting a broken link. The fact that the former links are converted to relative links ensures that you can move the downloaded hierarchy to another directory.

Note that only at the end of the download can Wget know which links have been downloaded. Because of that, the work done by -k will be performed at the end of all the downloads.

\fB-K\fR 4

\fB--backup-converted\fR 4

When converting a file, back up the original version with a .orig suffix. Affects the behavior of -N.

\fB-m\fR 4

\fB--mirror\fR 4

Turn on options suitable for mirroring. This option turns on recursion and time-stamping, sets infinite recursion depth and keeps s-1FTPs0 directory listings. It is currently equivalent to -r -N -l inf --no-remove-listing.

\fB-p\fR 4

\fB--page-requisites\fR 4

This option causes Wget to download all the files that are necessary to properly display a given s-1HTMLs0 page. This includes such things as inlined images, sounds, and referenced stylesheets.

Ordinarily, when downloading a single s-1HTMLs0 page, any requisite documents that may be needed to display it properly are not downloaded. Using -r together with -l can help, but since Wget does not ordinarily distinguish between external and inlined documents, one is generally left with *(L"leaf documents*(R" that are missing their requisites.

For instance, say document 1.html contains an f(CW*(C`<IMG>*(C' tag referencing 1.gif and an f(CW*(C`<A>*(C' tag pointing to external document 2.html. Say that 2.html is similar but that its image is 2.gif and it links to 3.html. Say this continues up to some arbitrarily high number.

If one executes the command:

wget -r -l 2 http://<site>/1.html

then 1.html, 1.gif, 2.html, 2.gif, and 3.html will be downloaded. As you can see, 3.html is without its requisite 3.gif because Wget is simply counting the number of hops (up to 2) away from 1.html in order to determine where to stop the recursion. However, with this command:

wget -r -l 2 -p http://<site>/1.html

all the above files and 3.html's requisite 3.gif will be downloaded. Similarly,

wget -r -l 1 -p http://<site>/1.html

will cause 1.html, 1.gif, 2.html, and 2.gif to be downloaded. One might think that:

wget -r -l 0 -p http://<site>/1.html

would download just 1.html and 1.gif, but unfortunately this is not the case, because -l 0 is equivalent to -l inf---that is, infinite recursion. To download a single s-1HTMLs0 page (or a handful of them, all specified on the command-line or in a -i s-1URLs0 input file) and its (or their) requisites, simply leave off -r and -l:

wget -p http://<site>/1.html

Note that Wget will behave as if -r had been specified, but only that single page and its requisites will be downloaded. Links from that page to external documents will not be followed. Actually, to download a single page and all its requisites (even if they exist on separate websites), and make sure the lot displays properly locally, this author likes to use a few options in addition to -p:

wget -E -H -k -K -p http://<site>/<document>

To finish off this topic, it's worth knowing that Wget's idea of an external document link is any s-1URLs0 specified in an f(CW*(C`<A>*(C' tag, an f(CW*(C`<AREA>*(C' tag, or a f(CW*(C`<LINK>*(C' tag other than f(CW*(C`<LINK REL="stylesheet">*(C'.

\fB--strict-comments\fR 4

Turn on strict parsing of s-1HTMLs0 comments. The default is to terminate comments at the first occurrence of -->.

According to specifications, s-1HTMLs0 comments are expressed as s-1SGML s0declarations. Declaration is special markup that begins with <! and ends with >, such as <!DOCTYPE ...>, that may contain comments between a pair of -- delimiters. s-1HTMLs0 comments are *(L"empty declarations*(R", s-1SGMLs0 declarations without any non-comment text. Therefore, <!--foo--> is a valid comment, and so is <!--one*(-- --two-->, but <!--1--2--> is not.

On the other hand, most s-1HTMLs0 writers don't perceive comments as anything other than text delimited with <!-- and -->, which is not quite the same. For example, something like <!------------> works as a valid comment as long as the number of dashes is a multiple of four (!). If not, the comment technically lasts until the next --, which may be at the other end of the document. Because of this, many popular browsers completely ignore the specification and implement what users have come to expect: comments delimited with <!-- and -->.

Until version 1.9, Wget interpreted comments strictly, which resulted in missing links in many web pages that displayed fine in browsers, but had the misfortune of containing non-compliant comments. Beginning with version 1.9, Wget has joined the ranks of clients that implements *(L"naive*(R" comments, terminating each comment at the first occurrence of -->.

If, for whatever reason, you want strict comment parsing, use this option to turn it on.

## Recursive Accept/Reject Options

\fB-A\fR \fIacclist\fR \fB--accept\fR \fIacclist\fR 4

\fB-R\fR \fIrejlist\fR \fB--reject\fR \fIrejlist\fR 4

Specify comma-separated lists of file name suffixes or patterns to accept or reject. Note that if any of the wildcard characters, *, ?, [ or ], appear in an element of acclist or rejlist, it will be treated as a pattern, rather than a suffix. In this case, you have to enclose the pattern into quotes to prevent your shell from expanding it, like in -A *(L"*.mp3*(R" or -A '*.mp3'.

\fB--accept-regex\fR \fIurlregex\fR 4

\fB--reject-regex\fR \fIurlregex\fR 4

Specify a regular expression to accept or reject the complete s-1URL.s0

\fB--regex-type\fR \fIregextype\fR 4

Specify the regular expression type. Possible types are posix or pcre. Note that to be able to use pcre type, wget has to be compiled with libpcre support.

\fB-D\fR \fIdomain-list\fR 4

\fB--domains=\fR\fIdomain-list\fR 4

Set domains to be followed. domain-list is a comma-separated list of domains. Note that it does not turn on -H.

\fB--exclude-domains\fR \fIdomain-list\fR 4

Specify the domains that are not to be followed.

\fB--follow-ftp\fR 4

Follow s-1FTPs0 links from s-1HTMLs0 documents. Without this option, Wget will ignore all the s-1FTPs0 links.

\fB--follow-tags=\fR\fIlist\fR 4

Wget has an internal table of s-1HTMLs0 tag / attribute pairs that it considers when looking for linked documents during a recursive retrieval. If a user wants only a subset of those tags to be considered, however, he or she should be specify such tags in a comma-separated list with this option.

\fB--ignore-tags=\fR\fIlist\fR 4

This is the opposite of the --follow-tags option. To skip certain s-1HTMLs0 tags when recursively looking for documents to download, specify them in a comma-separated list.

In the past, this option was the best bet for downloading a single page and its requisites, using a command-line like:

wget --ignore-tags=a,area -H -k -K -r http://<site>/<document>

However, the author of this option came across a page with tags like f(CW*(C`<LINK REL="home" HREF="/">*(C' and came to the realization that specifying tags to ignore was not enough. One can't just tell Wget to ignore f(CW*(C`<LINK>*(C', because then stylesheets will not be downloaded. Now the best bet for downloading a single page and its requisites is the dedicated --page-requisites option.

\fB--ignore-case\fR 4

Ignore case when matching files and directories. This influences the behavior of -R, -A, -I, and -X options, as well as globbing implemented when downloading from s-1FTPs0 sites. For example, with this option, -A *(L"*.txt*(R" will match file1.txt, but also file2.TXT, file3.TxT, and so on. The quotes in the example are to prevent the shell from expanding the pattern.

\fB-H\fR 4

\fB--span-hosts\fR 4

Enable spanning across hosts when doing recursive retrieving.

\fB-L\fR 4

\fB--relative\fR 4

Follow relative links only. Useful for retrieving a specific home page without any distractions, not even those from the same hosts.

\fB-I\fR \fIlist\fR 4

\fB--include-directories=\fR\fIlist\fR 4

Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow when downloading. Elements of list may contain wildcards.

\fB-X\fR \fIlist\fR 4

\fB--exclude-directories=\fR\fIlist\fR 4

Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude from download. Elements of list may contain wildcards.

\fB-np\fR 4

\fB--no-parent\fR 4

Do not ever ascend to the parent directory when retrieving recursively. This is a useful option, since it guarantees that only the files below a certain hierarchy will be downloaded.

## ENVIRONMENT

Wget supports proxies for both s-1HTTPs0 and s-1FTPs0 retrievals. The standard way to specify proxy location, which Wget recognizes, is using the following environment variables:

\fBhttp_proxy\fR 4

\fBhttps_proxy\fR 4

If set, the http_proxy and https_proxy variables should contain the URLs of the proxies for s-1HTTPs0 and s-1HTTPSs0 connections respectively.

\fBftp_proxy\fR 4

This variable should contain the s-1URLs0 of the proxy for s-1FTPs0 connections. It is quite common that http_proxy and ftp_proxy are set to the same s-1URL.s0

\fBno_proxy\fR 4

This variable should contain a comma-separated list of domain extensions proxy should not be used for. For instance, if the value of no_proxy is .mit.edu, proxy will not be used to retrieve documents from s-1MIT.s0

## EXIT STATUS

Wget may return one of several error codes if it encounters problems.

No problems occurred.

Generic error code.

Parse error---for instance, when parsing command-line options, the .wgetrc or .netrc...

File I/O error.

Network failure.

s-1SSLs0 verification failure.

Username/password authentication failure.

Protocol errors.

Server issued an error response.

With the exceptions of 0 and 1, the lower-numbered exit codes take precedence over higher-numbered ones, when multiple types of errors are encountered.

In versions of Wget prior to 1.12, Wget's exit status tended to be unhelpful and inconsistent. Recursive downloads would virtually always return 0 (success), regardless of any issues encountered, and non-recursive fetches only returned the status corresponding to the most recently-attempted download.

## FILES

\fB/etc/wgetrc\fR 4

Default location of the global startup file.

\fB.wgetrc\fR 4

User startup file.

## BUGS

You are welcome to submit bug reports via the s-1GNUs0 Wget bug tracker (see <http://wget.addictivecode.org/BugTracker>).

Before actually submitting a bug report, please try to follow a few simple guidelines.

1. 4

Please try to ascertain that the behavior you see really is a bug. If Wget crashes, it's a bug. If Wget does not behave as documented, it's a bug. If things work strange, but you are not sure about the way they are supposed to work, it might well be a bug, but you might want to double-check the documentation and the mailing lists.

2. 4

Try to repeat the bug in as simple circumstances as possible. E.g. if Wget crashes while downloading wget -rl0 -kKE -t5 --no-proxy http://yoyodyne.com -o /tmp/log, you should try to see if the crash is repeatable, and if will occur with a simpler set of options. You might even try to start the download at the page where the crash occurred to see if that page somehow triggered the crash.

Also, while I will probably be interested to know the contents of your .wgetrc file, just dumping it into the debug message is probably a bad idea. Instead, you should first try to see if the bug repeats with .wgetrc moved out of the way. Only if it turns out that .wgetrc settings affect the bug, mail me the relevant parts of the file.

3. 4

Please start Wget with -d option and send us the resulting output (or relevant parts thereof). If Wget was compiled without debug support, recompile it---it is much easier to trace bugs with debug support on.

Note: please make sure to remove any potentially sensitive information from the debug log before sending it to the bug address. The f(CW*(C`-d*(C' won't go out of its way to collect sensitive information, but the log will contain a fairly complete transcript of Wget's communication with the server, which may include passwords and pieces of downloaded data. Since the bug address is publically archived, you may assume that all bug reports are visible to the public.

4. 4

If Wget has crashed, try to run it in a debugger, e.g. f(CW*(C`gdb `which wget` core*(C' and type f(CW*(C`where*(C' to get the backtrace. This may not work if the system administrator has disabled core files, but it is safe to try.

## SEE ALSO

This is not the complete manual for s-1GNUs0 Wget. For more complete information, including more detailed explanations of some of the options, and a number of commands available for use with .wgetrc files and the -e option, see the s-1GNUs0 Info entry for wget.

## AUTHOR

Originally written by Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@xemacs.org>.

## COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the s-1GNUs0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled *(L"s-1GNUs0 Free Documentation License*(R".