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In 2-D, the 2 × 2 matrix is very simple. If you want to rotate a column vector v by t degrees using matrix M, use

`M = {% raw %}{{cos t, -sin t}, {sin t, cos t}}{% endraw %}`

in `M * v`.

If you have a row vector, use the transpose of M (turn rows into columns and vice versa). If you want to combine rotations, in 2-D you can just add their angles, but in higher dimensions you must multiply their matrices.