use arrayvec::ArrayString;
use arrayvec::ArrayVec;
use clap::value_t_or_exit;
use clap::App;
use clap::Arg;
use headers::HeaderMapExt as _;
use rand::random;
use serde::Deserialize;
use serde::Serialize;
use serde_json as json;
use sha2::Digest;
use sha2::Sha512_256 as SecureHash;
use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::collections::hash_map;
use std::collections::BTreeMap;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::ffi::OsStr;
use std::fmt;
use std::io;
use std::io::Write;
use std::mem;
use std::net::IpAddr;
use std::net::SocketAddr;
use std::panic;
use std::panic::UnwindSafe;
use std::path::Path;
use std::process;
use std::str;
use std::sync;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::Mutex;
use std::time::Duration;
use std::time::Instant;
use std::time::SystemTime;
use tokio::fs;
use tokio::fs::File;
use tokio::io::AsyncReadExt;
use tokio::time;
use warp::Filter;

#[macro_use]
extern crate log;

use crate::addr::Addr;
use crate::addr::Protocol;
use crate::addr::RegisterAddr;
use crate::locations::Location;
use crate::locations::Locations;

// Naming convention: Always use the abbreviation `addr` except in user-facing
// (e.g. serialized) identifiers.
mod addr;
mod locations;

const SERVER_TIMEOUT_SECONDS: u64 = 30;

type ShortString = ArrayString<[u8; 64]>;

#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
struct Register {
    address: RegisterAddr,
    secret: ShortString,
    connless_request_token: Option<ShortString>,
    challenge_secret: ShortString,
    challenge_token: Option<ShortString>,
    info_serial: i64,
    info: Option<json::Value>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
struct Delete {
    address: RegisterAddr,
    secret: ShortString,
}

#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case", tag = "status")]
enum RegisterResponse {
    Success,
    NeedChallenge,
    NeedInfo,
    Error(RegisterError),
}

#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
struct RegisterError {
    #[serde(skip)]
    is_unsupported_media_type: bool,
    message: Cow<'static, str>,
}

impl RegisterError {
    fn new(s: String) -> RegisterError {
        RegisterError {
            is_unsupported_media_type: false,
            message: Cow::Owned(s),
        }
    }
    fn unsupported_media_type() -> RegisterError {
        RegisterError {
            is_unsupported_media_type: true,
            message: Cow::Borrowed("The request's Content-Type is not supported"),
        }
    }
    fn status(&self) -> warp::http::StatusCode {
        use warp::http::StatusCode;
        if !self.is_unsupported_media_type {
            StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
        } else {
            StatusCode::UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE
        }
    }
}

impl From<&'static str> for RegisterError {
    fn from(s: &'static str) -> RegisterError {
        RegisterError {
            is_unsupported_media_type: false,
            message: Cow::Borrowed(s),
        }
    }
}

/// Time in milliseconds since the epoch of the timekeeper.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Eq, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Serialize)]
struct Timestamp(i64);

impl Timestamp {
    fn minus_seconds(self, seconds: u64) -> Timestamp {
        Timestamp(self.0 - seconds.checked_mul(1_000).unwrap() as i64)
    }
    fn difference_added(self, other: Timestamp, base: Timestamp) -> Timestamp {
        Timestamp(self.0 + (other.0 - base.0))
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
struct Timekeeper {
    instant: Instant,
    system: SystemTime,
}

impl Timekeeper {
    fn new() -> Timekeeper {
        Timekeeper {
            instant: Instant::now(),
            system: SystemTime::now(),
        }
    }
    fn now(&self) -> Timestamp {
        Timestamp(self.instant.elapsed().as_millis() as i64)
    }
    fn from_system_time(&self, system: SystemTime) -> Timestamp {
        let difference = if let Ok(d) = system.duration_since(self.system) {
            d.as_millis() as i64
        } else {
            -(self.system.duration_since(system).unwrap().as_millis() as i64)
        };
        Timestamp(difference)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
struct SerializedServers<'a> {
    pub servers: Vec<SerializedServer<'a>>,
}

impl<'a> SerializedServers<'a> {
    fn new() -> SerializedServers<'a> {
        SerializedServers {
            servers: Vec::new(),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
struct SerializedServer<'a> {
    pub addresses: &'a [Addr],
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    pub location: Option<Location>,
    pub info: &'a json::value::RawValue,
}

impl<'a> SerializedServer<'a> {
    fn new(server: &'a Server, location: Option<Location>) -> SerializedServer<'a> {
        SerializedServer {
            addresses: &server.addresses,
            location,
            info: &server.info,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)]
struct DumpServer<'a> {
    pub info_serial: i64,
    pub info: Cow<'a, json::value::RawValue>,
}

impl<'a> From<&'a Server> for DumpServer<'a> {
    fn from(server: &'a Server) -> DumpServer<'a> {
        DumpServer {
            info_serial: server.info_serial,
            info: Cow::Borrowed(&server.info),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)]
struct Dump<'a> {
    pub now: Timestamp,
    // Use `BTreeMap`s so the serialization is stable.
    pub addresses: BTreeMap<Addr, AddrInfo>,
    pub servers: BTreeMap<ShortString, DumpServer<'a>>,
}

impl<'a> Dump<'a> {
    fn new(now: Timestamp, servers: &'a Servers) -> Dump<'a> {
        Dump {
            now,
            addresses: servers
                .addresses
                .iter()
                .map(|(&addr, a_info)| (addr, a_info.clone()))
                .collect(),
            servers: servers
                .servers
                .iter()
                .map(|(&secret, server)| (secret, DumpServer::from(server)))
                .collect(),
        }
    }
    fn fixup_timestamps(&mut self, new_now: Timestamp) {
        let self_now = self.now;
        let translate_timestamp = |ts| new_now.difference_added(ts, self_now);
        self.now = translate_timestamp(self.now);
        for a_info in self.addresses.values_mut() {
            a_info.ping_time = translate_timestamp(a_info.ping_time);
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Deserialize, Eq, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Serialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
enum EntryKind {
    Backcompat,
    Mastersrv,
}

#[derive(Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
struct AddrInfo {
    kind: EntryKind,
    ping_time: Timestamp,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    location: Option<Location>,
    secret: ShortString,
}

struct Challenge {
    current: ShortString,
    prev: ShortString,
}

impl Challenge {
    fn is_valid(&self, challenge: &str) -> bool {
        challenge == &self.current || challenge == &self.prev
    }
    fn current(&self) -> &str {
        &self.current
    }
}

struct Challenger {
    seed: [u8; 16],
    prev_seed: [u8; 16],
}

impl Challenger {
    fn new() -> Challenger {
        Challenger {
            seed: random(),
            prev_seed: random(),
        }
    }
    fn reseed(&mut self) {
        self.prev_seed = mem::replace(&mut self.seed, random());
    }
    fn for_addr(&self, addr: &Addr) -> Challenge {
        fn hash(seed: &[u8], addr: &[u8]) -> ShortString {
            let mut hash = SecureHash::new();
            hash.update(addr);
            hash.update(seed);
            let mut buf = [0; 64];
            let len =
                base64::encode_config_slice(&hash.finalize()[..16], base64::STANDARD, &mut buf);
            ShortString::from(str::from_utf8(&buf[..len]).unwrap()).unwrap()
        }
        let mut buf: ArrayVec<[u8; 128]> = ArrayVec::new();
        write!(&mut buf, "{}", addr).unwrap();
        Challenge {
            current: hash(&self.seed, &buf),
            prev: hash(&self.prev_seed, &buf),
        }
    }
}

struct Shared<'a> {
    challenger: &'a Mutex<Challenger>,
    locations: &'a Locations,
    servers: &'a Mutex<Servers>,
    socket: &'a Arc<tokio::net::UdpSocket>,
    timekeeper: Timekeeper,
}

impl<'a> Shared<'a> {
    fn challenge_for_addr(&self, addr: &Addr) -> Challenge {
        self.challenger
            .lock()
            .unwrap_or_else(|poison| poison.into_inner())
            .for_addr(addr)
    }
    fn lock_servers(&'a self) -> sync::MutexGuard<'a, Servers> {
        self.servers
            .lock()
            .unwrap_or_else(|poison| poison.into_inner())
    }
}

/// Maintains a mapping from server addresses to server info.
///
/// Also maintains a mapping from addresses to corresponding server addresses.
#[derive(Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
struct Servers {
    pub addresses: HashMap<Addr, AddrInfo>,
    pub servers: HashMap<ShortString, Server>,
}

enum AddResult {
    Added,
    Refreshed,
    NeedInfo,
    Obsolete,
}

enum RemoveResult {
    Removed,
    NotFound,
}

struct FromDumpError;

impl Servers {
    fn new() -> Servers {
        Servers {
            addresses: HashMap::new(),
            servers: HashMap::new(),
        }
    }
    fn add(
        &mut self,
        addr: Addr,
        a_info: AddrInfo,
        info_serial: i64,
        info: Option<Cow<'_, json::value::RawValue>>,
    ) -> AddResult {
        let need_info = self
            .servers
            .get(&a_info.secret)
            .map(|entry| info_serial > entry.info_serial)
            .unwrap_or(true);
        if need_info && info.is_none() {
            return AddResult::NeedInfo;
        }
        let insert_addr;
        let secret = a_info.secret;
        match self.addresses.entry(addr) {
            hash_map::Entry::Vacant(v) => {
                v.insert(a_info);
                insert_addr = true;
            }
            hash_map::Entry::Occupied(mut o) => {
                if a_info.kind < o.get().kind {
                    // Don't replace masterserver entries with stuff from backcompat.
                    return AddResult::Obsolete;
                }
                if a_info.ping_time < o.get().ping_time {
                    // Don't replace address info with older one.
                    return AddResult::Obsolete;
                }
                let old = o.insert(a_info);
                insert_addr = old.secret != secret;
                if insert_addr {
                    let server = self.servers.get_mut(&old.secret).unwrap();
                    server.addresses.retain(|&a| a != addr);
                    if server.addresses.is_empty() {
                        assert!(self.servers.remove(&old.secret).is_some());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        match self.servers.entry(secret) {
            hash_map::Entry::Vacant(v) => {
                assert!(insert_addr);
                v.insert(Server {
                    addresses: vec![addr],
                    info_serial,
                    info: info.unwrap().into_owned(),
                });
            }
            hash_map::Entry::Occupied(mut o) => {
                let server = &mut o.get_mut();
                if insert_addr {
                    server.addresses.push(addr);
                    server.addresses.sort_unstable();
                }
                if info_serial > server.info_serial {
                    server.info_serial = info_serial;
                    server.info = info.unwrap().into_owned();
                }
            }
        }
        if insert_addr {
            AddResult::Added
        } else {
            AddResult::Refreshed
        }
    }
    fn remove(&mut self, addr: Addr, secret: ShortString) -> RemoveResult {
        match self.addresses.get(&addr) {
            Some(a_info) if secret == a_info.secret => {}
            _ => return RemoveResult::NotFound,
        }
        assert!(self.addresses.remove(&addr).is_some());
        let server = self.servers.get_mut(&secret).unwrap();
        server.addresses.retain(|&a| a != addr);
        if server.addresses.is_empty() {
            assert!(self.servers.remove(&secret).is_some());
        }
        RemoveResult::Removed
    }
    fn prune_before(&mut self, time: Timestamp, log: bool) {
        let mut remove = Vec::new();
        for (&addr, a_info) in &self.addresses {
            if a_info.ping_time < time {
                remove.push(addr);
            }
        }
        for addr in remove {
            if log {
                debug!("removing {} due to timeout", addr);
            }
            let secret = self.addresses.remove(&addr).unwrap().secret;
            let server = self.servers.get_mut(&secret).unwrap();
            server.addresses.retain(|&a| a != addr);
            if server.addresses.is_empty() {
                assert!(self.servers.remove(&secret).is_some());
            }
        }
    }
    fn merge(&mut self, other: &Dump) {
        for (&addr, a_info) in &other.addresses {
            let server = &other.servers[&*a_info.secret];
            self.add(
                addr,
                a_info.clone(),
                server.info_serial,
                Some(Cow::Borrowed(&server.info)),
            );
        }
    }
    fn from_dump(dump: Dump) -> Result<Servers, FromDumpError> {
        let mut result = Servers {
            addresses: dump.addresses.into_iter().collect(),
            servers: dump
                .servers
                .into_iter()
                .map(|(secret, server)| {
                    (
                        secret,
                        Server {
                            addresses: vec![],
                            info_serial: server.info_serial,
                            info: server.info.into_owned(),
                        },
                    )
                })
                .collect(),
        };
        // Fix up addresses in `Server` struct -- they're not serialized into a
        // `Dump`.
        for (&addr, a_info) in &result.addresses {
            result
                .servers
                .get_mut(&a_info.secret)
                .ok_or(FromDumpError)?
                .addresses
                .push(addr);
        }
        for server in result.servers.values_mut() {
            if server.addresses.is_empty() {
                return Err(FromDumpError);
            }
            server.addresses.sort_unstable();
        }
        Ok(result)
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
struct Server {
    pub addresses: Vec<Addr>,
    pub info_serial: i64,
    pub info: Box<json::value::RawValue>,
}

async fn handle_periodic_reseed(challenger: Arc<Mutex<Challenger>>) {
    loop {
        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3600)).await;
        challenger
            .lock()
            .unwrap_or_else(|poison| poison.into_inner())
            .reseed();
    }
}

async fn read_dump(path: &Path, timekeeper: Timekeeper) -> Result<Dump<'static>, io::Error> {
    let mut buffer = Vec::new();
    let timestamp = timekeeper.from_system_time(fs::metadata(&path).await?.modified().unwrap());
    buffer.clear();
    File::open(&path).await?.read_to_end(&mut buffer).await?;
    let mut dump: Dump = json::from_slice(&buffer)?;
    dump.fixup_timestamps(timestamp);
    Ok(dump)
}

async fn read_dump_dir(path: &Path, timekeeper: Timekeeper) -> Vec<Dump<'static>> {
    let mut dir_entries = fs::read_dir(path).await.unwrap();
    let mut dumps = Vec::new();
    while let Some(entry) = dir_entries.next_entry().await.unwrap() {
        let path = entry.path();
        if path.extension() != Some(OsStr::new("json")) {
            continue;
        }
        let dump = read_dump(&path, timekeeper).await.unwrap();
        dumps.push((path, dump));
    }
    dumps.sort_unstable_by(|(path1, _), (path2, _)| path1.cmp(path2));
    dumps.into_iter().map(|(_, dump)| dump).collect()
}

async fn overwrite_atomically(
    filename: &str,
    temp_filename: &str,
    content: &[u8],
) -> io::Result<()> {
    fs::write(temp_filename, content).await?;
    fs::rename(temp_filename, filename).await?;
    Ok(())
}

async fn handle_periodic_writeout(
    servers: Arc<Mutex<Servers>>,
    dumps_dir: Option<String>,
    dump_filename: Option<String>,
    addresses_filename: Option<String>,
    servers_filename: String,
    timekeeper: Timekeeper,
) {
    let dump_filename = dump_filename.map(|f| {
        let tmp = format!("{}.tmp.{}", f, process::id());
        (f, tmp)
    });
    let addresses_filename = addresses_filename.map(|f| {
        let tmp = format!("{}.tmp.{}", f, process::id());
        (f, tmp)
    });
    let servers_filename_temp = &format!("{}.tmp.{}", servers_filename, process::id());

    let start = Instant::now();
    let mut iteration = 0;

    loop {
        let now = timekeeper.now();
        let mut servers = {
            let mut servers = servers.lock().unwrap_or_else(|poison| poison.into_inner());
            servers.prune_before(now.minus_seconds(SERVER_TIMEOUT_SECONDS), true);
            servers.clone()
        };
        if let Some((filename, filename_temp)) = &dump_filename {
            let json = json::to_string(&Dump::new(now, &servers)).unwrap();
            overwrite_atomically(filename, filename_temp, json.as_bytes())
                .await
                .unwrap();
        }
        {
            let other_dumps = match &dumps_dir {
                Some(dir) => read_dump_dir(Path::new(dir), timekeeper).await,
                None => Vec::new(),
            };
            if let Some((filename, filename_temp)) = &addresses_filename {
                let mut non_backcompat_addrs: Vec<Addr> = Vec::new();
                non_backcompat_addrs.extend(servers.addresses.keys());
                let oldest = now.minus_seconds(SERVER_TIMEOUT_SECONDS);
                for other_dump in &other_dumps {
                    non_backcompat_addrs.extend(
                        other_dump
                            .addresses
                            .iter()
                            .filter(|(_, a_info)| {
                                a_info.kind != EntryKind::Backcompat && a_info.ping_time >= oldest
                            })
                            .map(|(addr, _)| addr),
                    );
                }
                non_backcompat_addrs.sort_unstable();
                non_backcompat_addrs.dedup();
                let json = json::to_string(&non_backcompat_addrs).unwrap();
                overwrite_atomically(filename, filename_temp, json.as_bytes())
                    .await
                    .unwrap();
            }
            for other_dump in &other_dumps {
                servers.merge(other_dump);
            }
            drop(other_dumps);
            let json = {
                let mut serialized = SerializedServers::new();
                servers.prune_before(now.minus_seconds(SERVER_TIMEOUT_SECONDS), false);
                serialized.servers.extend(servers.servers.values().map(|s| {
                    // Get the location of the first registered address. Since
                    // the addresses are kept sorted, this is stable.
                    let location = s
                        .addresses
                        .iter()
                        .filter_map(|addr| servers.addresses[addr].location)
                        .next();
                    SerializedServer::new(s, location)
                }));
                serialized.servers.sort_by_key(|s| s.addresses);
                json::to_string(&serialized).unwrap()
            };
            overwrite_atomically(&servers_filename, servers_filename_temp, json.as_bytes())
                .await
                .unwrap();
        }
        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
        if elapsed.as_secs() <= iteration {
            let remaining_ns = 1_000_000_000 - elapsed.subsec_nanos();
            time::sleep(Duration::new(0, remaining_ns)).await;
            iteration += 1;
        } else {
            iteration = elapsed.as_secs();
        }
    }
}

async fn send_challenge(
    connless_request_token_7: Option<[u8; 4]>,
    socket: Arc<tokio::net::UdpSocket>,
    target: SocketAddr,
    challenge_secret: ShortString,
    challenge: ShortString,
) {
    let mut packet = Vec::with_capacity(128);
    if let Some(t) = connless_request_token_7 {
        packet.extend_from_slice(b"\x21");
        packet.extend_from_slice(&t);
        packet.extend_from_slice(b"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xffchal");
    } else {
        packet.extend_from_slice(b"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xffchal");
    }
    packet.extend_from_slice(challenge_secret.as_bytes());
    packet.push(0);
    packet.extend_from_slice(challenge.as_bytes());
    packet.push(0);
    socket.send_to(&packet, target).await.unwrap();
}

fn handle_register(
    shared: Shared,
    remote_addr: IpAddr,
    register: Register,
) -> Result<RegisterResponse, RegisterError> {
    let connless_request_token_7 = match register.address.protocol {
        Protocol::V5 => None,
        Protocol::V6 => None,
        Protocol::V7 => {
            let token_hex = register
                .connless_request_token
                .as_ref()
                .ok_or_else(|| "registering with tw-0.7+udp:// requires header Connless-Token")?;
            let mut token = [0; 4];
            hex::decode_to_slice(token_hex.as_bytes(), &mut token).map_err(|e| {
                RegisterError::new(format!("invalid hex in Connless-Request-Token: {}", e))
            })?;
            Some(token)
        }
        Protocol::Ddper6 => None,
    };

    let addr = register.address.with_ip(remote_addr);
    let challenge = shared.challenge_for_addr(&addr);

    let correct_challenge = register
        .challenge_token
        .as_ref()
        .map(|ct| challenge.is_valid(ct))
        .unwrap_or(false);
    let should_send_challenge = register
        .challenge_token
        .as_ref()
        .map(|ct| ct != challenge.current())
        .unwrap_or(true);

    let result = if correct_challenge {
        let raw_info = register
            .info
            .map(|i| -> Result<_, RegisterError> {
                let info = i.as_object().ok_or("register info must be an object")?;

                // Normalize the JSON to strip any spaces etc.
                Ok(json::value::to_raw_value(&info).unwrap())
            })
            .transpose()?;

        let add_result = shared.lock_servers().add(
            addr,
            AddrInfo {
                kind: EntryKind::Mastersrv,
                ping_time: shared.timekeeper.now(),
                location: shared.locations.lookup(addr.ip),
                secret: register.secret,
            },
            register.info_serial,
            raw_info.map(Cow::Owned),
        );
        match add_result {
            AddResult::Added => debug!("successfully registered {}", addr),
            AddResult::Refreshed => {}
            AddResult::NeedInfo => {}
            AddResult::Obsolete => {
                warn!(
                    "received obsolete entry {}, shouldn't normally happen",
                    addr
                );
            }
        }
        if let AddResult::NeedInfo = add_result {
            RegisterResponse::NeedInfo
        } else {
            RegisterResponse::Success
        }
    } else {
        RegisterResponse::NeedChallenge
    };

    if should_send_challenge {
        if let RegisterResponse::Success = result {
            trace!("re-sending challenge to {}", addr);
        } else {
            trace!("sending challenge to {}", addr);
        }
        tokio::spawn(send_challenge(
            connless_request_token_7,
            shared.socket.clone(),
            addr.to_socket_addr(),
            register.challenge_secret,
            challenge.current,
        ));
    }

    Ok(result)
}

fn handle_delete(
    shared: Shared,
    remote_addr: IpAddr,
    delete: Delete,
) -> Result<RegisterResponse, RegisterError> {
    let addr = delete.address.with_ip(remote_addr);
    match shared.lock_servers().remove(addr, delete.secret) {
        RemoveResult::Removed => {
            debug!("successfully removed {}", addr);
            Ok(RegisterResponse::Success)
        }
        RemoveResult::NotFound => Err("could not find registered server".into()),
    }
}

fn parse_opt<T: str::FromStr>(
    headers: &warp::http::HeaderMap,
    name: &str,
) -> Result<Option<T>, RegisterError>
where
    T::Err: fmt::Display,
{
    headers
        .get(name)
        .map(|v| -> Result<T, RegisterError> {
            v.to_str()
                .map_err(|e| RegisterError::new(format!("invalid header {}: {}", name, e)))?
                .parse()
                .map_err(|e| RegisterError::new(format!("invalid header {}: {}", name, e)))
        })
        .transpose()
}
fn parse<T: str::FromStr>(headers: &warp::http::HeaderMap, name: &str) -> Result<T, RegisterError>
where
    T::Err: fmt::Display,
{
    parse_opt(headers, name)?
        .ok_or_else(|| RegisterError::new(format!("missing required header {}", name)))
}

fn register_from_headers(
    headers: &warp::http::HeaderMap,
    info: &[u8],
) -> Result<Register, RegisterError> {
    Ok(Register {
        address: parse(headers, "Address")?,
        secret: parse(headers, "Secret")?,
        connless_request_token: parse_opt(headers, "Connless-Token")?,
        challenge_secret: parse(headers, "Challenge-Secret")?,
        challenge_token: parse_opt(headers, "Challenge-Token")?,
        info_serial: parse(headers, "Info-Serial")?,
        info: if !info.is_empty() {
            match headers.typed_get::<headers::ContentType>().map(mime::Mime::from) {
                Some(mime) if mime.essence_str() == mime::APPLICATION_JSON => {}
                _ => return Err(RegisterError::unsupported_media_type()),
            }
            Some(json::from_slice(info).map_err(|e| {
                RegisterError::new(format!("Request body deserialize error: {}", e))
            })?)
        } else {
            None
        },
    })
}

fn delete_from_headers(headers: &warp::http::HeaderMap) -> Result<Delete, RegisterError> {
    Ok(Delete {
        address: parse(headers, "Address")?,
        secret: parse(headers, "Secret")?,
    })
}

async fn recover(err: warp::Rejection) -> Result<impl warp::Reply, warp::Rejection> {
    use warp::http::StatusCode;
    let (e, status): (&dyn fmt::Display, _) = if err.is_not_found() {
        (&"Not found", StatusCode::NOT_FOUND)
    } else if let Some(e) = err.find::<warp::reject::MethodNotAllowed>() {
        (e, StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED)
    } else if let Some(e) = err.find::<warp::reject::InvalidHeader>() {
        (e, StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
    } else if let Some(e) = err.find::<warp::reject::MissingHeader>() {
        (e, StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
    } else if let Some(e) = err.find::<warp::reject::InvalidQuery>() {
        (e, StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
    } else if let Some(e) = err.find::<warp::filters::body::BodyDeserializeError>() {
        (e, StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
    } else if let Some(e) = err.find::<warp::reject::LengthRequired>() {
        (e, StatusCode::LENGTH_REQUIRED)
    } else if let Some(e) = err.find::<warp::reject::PayloadTooLarge>() {
        (e, StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE)
    } else {
        return Err(err);
    };

    let response = RegisterResponse::Error(RegisterError::new(format!("{}", e)));
    Ok(warp::http::Response::builder()
        .status(status)
        .header(warp::http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
        .body(json::to_string(&response).unwrap() + "\n"))
}

#[derive(Clone)]
struct AssertUnwindSafe<T>(pub T);
impl<T> panic::UnwindSafe for AssertUnwindSafe<T> {}
impl<T> panic::RefUnwindSafe for AssertUnwindSafe<T> {}

// TODO: put active part masterservers on a different domain?
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    env_logger::init();

    let mut command = App::new("mastersrv")
        .about("Collects game server info via an HTTP endpoint and aggregates them.")
        .arg(Arg::with_name("listen")
            .long("listen")
            .value_name("ADDRESS")
            .default_value("[::]:8080")
            .help("Listen address for the HTTP endpoint.")
        )
        .arg(Arg::with_name("connecting-ip-header")
            .long("connecting-ip-header")
            .value_name("HEADER")
            .help("HTTP header to use to determine the client IP address.")
        )
        .arg(Arg::with_name("locations")
            .long("locations")
            .value_name("LOCATIONS")
            .help("IP to continent locations database filename (libloc format, can be obtained from https://location.ipfire.org/databases/1/location.db.xz).")
        )
        .arg(Arg::with_name("write-addresses")
            .long("write-addresses")
            .value_name("FILENAME")
            .help("Dump all new-style addresses to a file each second.")
        )
        .arg(Arg::with_name("write-dump")
            .long("write-dump")
            .value_name("DUMP")
            .help("Dump the internal state to a JSON file each second.")
        )
        .arg(Arg::with_name("read-write-dump")
            .long("read-write-dump")
            .value_name("DUMP")
            .conflicts_with("write-dump")
            .help("Dump the internal state to a JSON file each second, but also read it at the start.")
        )
        .arg(Arg::with_name("read-dump-dir")
            .long("read-dump-dir")
            .takes_value(true)
            .value_name("DUMP_DIR")
            .help("Read dumps from other mastersrv instances from the specified directory (looking only at *.json files).")
        )
        .arg(Arg::with_name("out")
            .long("out")
            .value_name("OUT")
            .default_value("servers.json")
            .help("Output file for the aggregated server list in a DDNet 15.5+ compatible format.")
        );

    if cfg!(unix) {
        command = command.arg(
            Arg::with_name("listen-unix")
                .long("listen-unix")
                .value_name("PATH")
                .requires("connecting-ip-header")
                .conflicts_with("listen")
                .help("Listen on the specified Unix domain socket."),
        );
    }

    let matches = command.get_matches();

    let listen_address = value_t_or_exit!(matches.value_of("listen"), SocketAddr);
    let connecting_ip_header = matches
        .value_of("connecting-ip-header")
        .map(|s| s.to_owned());
    let listen_unix = if cfg!(unix) {
        matches.value_of("listen-unix")
    } else {
        None
    };
    let read_write_dump = matches.value_of("read-write-dump").map(|s| s.to_owned());

    let timekeeper = Timekeeper::new();
    let challenger = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Challenger::new()));
    let locations = Arc::new(
        matches
            .value_of("locations")
            .map(|l| Locations::read(Path::new(&l)))
            .transpose()
            .unwrap()
            .unwrap_or_else(Locations::empty),
    );
    let mut servers = Servers::new();
    match &read_write_dump {
        Some(path) => match read_dump(Path::new(&path), timekeeper).await {
            Ok(dump) => match Servers::from_dump(dump) {
                Ok(read_servers) => {
                    info!("successfully read previous dump");
                    servers = read_servers;
                }
                Err(FromDumpError) => error!("previous dump was inconsistent"),
            },
            Err(e) => error!("couldn't read previous dump: {}", e),
        },
        None => {}
    }
    let servers = Arc::new(Mutex::new(servers));
    let socket = Arc::new(tokio::net::UdpSocket::bind("[::]:0").await.unwrap());
    let socket = AssertUnwindSafe(socket);

    let task_reseed = tokio::spawn(handle_periodic_reseed(challenger.clone()));
    let task_writeout = tokio::spawn(handle_periodic_writeout(
        servers.clone(),
        matches.value_of("read-dump-dir").map(|s| s.to_owned()),
        matches
            .value_of("write-dump")
            .map(|s| s.to_owned())
            .or(read_write_dump),
        matches.value_of("write-addresses").map(|s| s.to_owned()),
        matches.value_of("out").unwrap().to_owned(),
        timekeeper,
    ));

    let connecting_addr = move |addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
                                headers: &warp::http::HeaderMap|
          -> Result<IpAddr, RegisterError> {
        let mut addr = if let Some(header) = &connecting_ip_header {
            headers
                .get(header)
                .ok_or_else(|| RegisterError::new(format!("missing {} header", header)))?
                .to_str()
                .map_err(|_| RegisterError::from("non-ASCII in connecting IP header"))?
                .parse()
                .map_err(|e| RegisterError::new(format!("{}", e)))?
        } else {
            addr.unwrap().ip()
        };
        if let IpAddr::V6(v6) = addr {
            if let Some(v4) = v6.to_ipv4_mapped() {
                addr = IpAddr::from(v4);
            }
        }
        Ok(addr)
    };

    fn build_response<F>(f: F) -> Result<warp::http::Response<String>, warp::http::Error>
    where
        F: FnOnce() -> Result<RegisterResponse, RegisterError> + UnwindSafe,
    {
        let (http_status, body) = match panic::catch_unwind(f) {
            Ok(Ok(r)) => (warp::http::StatusCode::OK, r),
            Ok(Err(e)) => (e.status(), RegisterResponse::Error(e)),
            Err(_) => (
                warp::http::StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
                RegisterResponse::Error("unexpected panic".into()),
            ),
        };
        warp::http::Response::builder()
            .status(http_status)
            .header(warp::http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
            .body(json::to_string(&body).unwrap() + "\n")
    }

    let register = warp::path!("ddnet" / "15" / "register")
        .and(warp::post())
        .and(warp::header::headers_cloned())
        .and(warp::addr::remote())
        .and(warp::body::content_length_limit(32 * 1024)) // limit body size to 32 KiB
        .and(warp::body::bytes())
        .map(
            move |headers: warp::http::HeaderMap, addr: Option<SocketAddr>, info: bytes::Bytes| {
                build_response(|| {
                    let shared = Shared {
                        challenger: &challenger,
                        locations: &locations,
                        servers: &servers,
                        socket: &socket.0,
                        timekeeper,
                    };
                    let addr = connecting_addr(addr, &headers)?;
                    match headers.get("Action").map(warp::http::HeaderValue::as_bytes) {
                        None => {
                            let register = register_from_headers(&headers, &info)?;
                            handle_register(shared, addr, register)
                        }
                        Some(b"delete") => {
                            let delete = delete_from_headers(&headers)?;
                            handle_delete(shared, addr, delete)
                        }
                        Some(action) => {
                            Err(RegisterError::new(format!("Unknown Action header value {:?} (must either not be present or have value \"delete\"", String::from_utf8_lossy(action))))
                        }
                    }
                })
            },
        )
        .recover(recover);
    let server = warp::serve(register);

    let task_server = if let Some(path) = listen_unix {
        #[cfg(unix)]
        {
            use tokio::net::UnixListener;
            use tokio_stream::wrappers::UnixListenerStream;
            let _ = fs::remove_file(path).await;
            let unix_socket = UnixListener::bind(path).unwrap();
            tokio::spawn(server.run_incoming(UnixListenerStream::new(unix_socket)))
        }
        #[cfg(not(unix))]
        {
            let _ = path;
            unreachable!();
        }
    } else {
        tokio::spawn(server.run(listen_address))
    };

    match tokio::try_join!(task_reseed, task_writeout, task_server) {
        Ok(((), (), ())) => unreachable!(),
        Err(e) => panic::resume_unwind(e.into_panic()),
    }
}
