#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>

class Abs {
  public:
    // ''function call'':
    double operator() (double v) const {
        return std::abs(v);
    }
};

class Sine {
  public:
    // ''function call'':
    double operator() (double a) const {
        return std::sin(a);
    }
};

template <typename C, int N>
class BaseMem : public C {
  public:
    BaseMem(C& c) : C(c) { }
    BaseMem(C const& c) : C(c) { }
};

template <typename FO1, typename FO2>
class Composer : private BaseMem<FO1,1>,
                 private BaseMem<FO2,2> {
  public:
    // constructor: initialize function objects
    Composer(FO1 f1, FO2 f2)
     : BaseMem<FO1,1>(f1), BaseMem<FO2,2>(f2) {
    }

    // ''function call'': nested call of function objects
    double operator() (double v) {
        return BaseMem<FO2,2>::operator()
                 (BaseMem<FO1,1>::operator()(v));
    }
};
template <typename FO1, typename FO2>
inline
Composer<FO1,FO2> compose (FO1 f1, FO2 f2) {
    return Composer<FO1,FO2> (f1, f2);
}


template<typename FO>
void print_values (FO fo)
{
    for (int i=-2; i<3; ++i) {
        std::cout << "f(" << i*0.1
                  << ") = " << fo(i*0.1)
                  << "\n";
    }
}

int main()
{
    // print sin(abs(-0.5))
    std::cout << compose(Abs(),Sine())(0.5) << "\n\n";

    // print abs() of some values
    print_values(Abs());
    std::cout << '\n';

    // print sin() of some values
    print_values(Sine());
    std::cout << '\n';

    // print sin(abs()) of some values
    print_values(compose(Abs(),Sine()));
    std::cout << '\n';

    // print abs(sin()) of some values
    print_values(compose(Sine(),Abs()));
    std::cout << '\n';

    // print sin(sin()) of some values
    print_values(compose(Sine(),Sine()));
}
