---
title: Tools
description: Give agents new abilities with custom tools.
icon: toolbox
---

A tool is a Python function that your agents can use to accomplish tasks. They let you extend the capabilities of your agents beyond their built-in knowledge and abilities, allowing them to interact with external systems, perform calculations, or access specific information. 

Tools can be simple utility functions, complex data processing operations, or API calls to external services. Here's a basic example of a tool for rolling dice:

<CodeGroup>
```python Code
import controlflow as cf
import random

def roll_die() -> int:
    """Roll a 6-sided diee."""
    return random.randint(1, 6)

rolls = cf.run("Roll a die four times", tools=[roll_die])

print(rolls)
```
```text Result
[3, 1, 4, 2]
```
</CodeGroup>
## Best Practices

Any Python function can be used as a tool, but you'll get the best performance with the following best practices.

### Clear name and description

The name and description of the tool are two of the most important pieces of information for an agent. They help the agent understand what the tool does and how it can be used. Make sure to provide a clear and concise name and description for your tool.

The description is taken from your function's docstring, so be sure to include a detailed description of what the tool does and how it should be used. You can give natural language instructions on how to use the tool and what parameters it expects.

### Type hints

ControlFlow uses all available information to generate a parameter schema that tells an agent how to call the tool and what type of information to expect it to return. Type hints are a powerful way to provide this information. Here's an example of a tool with type hints:

<CodeGroup>
```python Weather
def get_weather(location: str) -> float:
    """Fetch weather data for the specified location."""
    # Implementation details...
```
```python Velocity
def calculate_velocity(distance: float, time: float) -> float:
    """Calculate velocity by dividing distance by time."""
    if time == 0:
        raise ValueError("Time cannot be zero.")
    return distance / time
```
</CodeGroup>



#### Annotations
If you use type annotations, ControlFlow will include the annotated details in the schema. This lets you give additional information about the expected input and output of the tool in a more structured way.
<CodeGroup>
```python Weather
from typing import Annotated

def get_weather(
    location: Annotated[str, "The 5 or 9-digit zip code"],
) -> Annotated[float, "The temperature in Farhenheit"]:
    """Fetch weather data for the specified location."""
    ...
```

```python Velocity
from typing import Annotated

def calculate_velocity(
    distance: Annotated[float, "The distance in meters"],
    time: Annotated[float, "The time in seconds"],
) -> Annotated[float, "The velocity in meters per second"]:
    """Calculate velocity by dividing distance by time."""
    if time == 0:
        raise ValueError("Time cannot be zero.")
    return distance / time
```
</CodeGroup>

Note that you can also provide this information in your docstring.

#### Pydantic Models

For tools that return complex data structures, you can use Pydantic models to define the return type. 

```python
from pydantic import BaseModel

class WeatherData(BaseModel):
    temperature: float
    humidity: float
    conditions: str

@tool
def get_detailed_weather(location: str) -> WeatherData:
    """Get detailed weather information for a location."""
    # Implementation details...
    

weather_task = cf.Task(
    "Provide a weather report for New York",
    tools=[get_detailed_weather]
)
```

### Error Messages

If your tool encounters an error, raise an exception with a clear message. The agent will be told that the tool call failed and shown the error message, giving them an opportunity to understand what went wrong and try to fix it.

## Creating Tools

ControlFlow supports the following types of tools:
- Regular Python functions
- Asynchronous Python functions (they are automatically run in an asynchronous context)
- LangChain tools

### Regular Python Functions

In most cases, you can use regular Python functions as tools without modification. However, if you need to customize how a function is converted to a tool, you can use the `@tool` decorator to override the inferred name and description. For example, this function has no docstring, so we use the decorator to provide a custom description:

```python
from controlflow import tool

@tool(description="Get current weather for a location")
def get_weather(location: str) -> dict:
    #Implementation details...
```

### LangChain Tools

LangChain has many [pre-built tools](https://python.langchain.com/v0.2/docs/integrations/tools/) that you can leverage. For example, here's how to get recent data from the web with DuckDuckGo.

First, install the dependencies:

```bash
pip install -U langchain-community duckduckgo-search
```

Then import the tool for use:


Import the tool and assign it to an agent or task:
```python   
import controlflow as cf
from langchain_community.tools import DuckDuckGoSearchRun

agent = cf.Agent(
    name="Timely agent",
    description="An AI agent that knows current events",
    tools=[DuckDuckGoSearchRun()],
)
```

## Using Tools

Tools can be provided either to tasks or agents. When a tool is provided to a task, any agent working on that task will have access to the tool. When a tool is provided to an agent, the agent can use the tool in any task it is assigned to.

### Providing Tools to Tasks

You should provide tools to tasks when you know that a task will require specific capabilities to be completed successfully. For example, if a task requires access to a database or an external API, you can provide a tool that handles the interaction with that system:

```python
import controlflow as cf

def search_database(query: str) -> list:
    """Search the product database for items matching the query."""
    # Implementation details...    

def format_results(results: list) -> str:
    """Format a list of search results into a readable string."""
    # Implementation details...    

product_search_task = cf.Task(
    "Find and summarize products matching the user's query",
    tools=[search_database, format_results],
    interactive=True
)
```

In this example, the `product_search_task` is equipped with tools to search a database and format the results. Any agent assigned to this task will have access to these tools.

### Providing Tools to Agents

You can also provide tools directly to agents, allowing them to use the tools in any task they are assigned to. This can be useful when you have an agent that needs to perform a specific action across multiple tasks:

```python
import controlflow as cf

def search_database(query: str) -> list:
    """Search the product database for items matching the query."""
    # Implementation details...    

def format_results(results: list) -> str:
    """Format a list of search results into a readable string."""
    # Implementation details...    

agent = cf.Agent(
    "Product Search Agent",
    tools=[search_database, format_results]
)
```

Using Pydantic models for tool return types helps ensure that the data returned by the tool is properly structured and validated.


## Debugging Tools

### Verbose Logging

By default, the PrintHandler will log tool calls and indicate whether the tool was successful or not. You can enable verbose logging to see more detailed information about the tool call, including the input parameters and the output:
<CodeGroup>
```bash As an environment variable
export CONTROLFLOW_TOOLS_VERBOSE=true
```

```python As a runtime setting
import controlflow as cf

cf.settings.tools_verbose = True
```
</CodeGroup>

### Raising Errors
If your tool raises an exception during execution, ControlFlow will capture the error and show it to the agent so the agent can try again. However, when devloping or testing workflows you may want to disable this behavior. ControlFlow offers a debug setting for raising exceptions when a tool fails instead of capturing them:
<CodeGroup>
```bash As an environment variable
export CONTROLFLOW_TOOLS_RAISE_ON_ERROR=true
```

```python As a runtime setting
import controlflow as cf

cf.settings.tools_raise_on_error = True
```
</CodeGroup>

## When to Use Tools

Tools are particularly useful in scenarios where:

1. The task requires access to external data or systems
2. Complex calculations or data processing are needed
3. The agent needs to perform actions that are beyond its inherent capabilities
4. You want to ensure consistent handling of certain operations across multiple tasks

By providing appropriate tools, you can significantly enhance the problem-solving capabilities of your AI agents and create more powerful and flexible workflows.

While tools are powerful, they should be used judiciously. Provide only the tools that are necessary for the task at hand to avoid overwhelming the agent with too many options.
