// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.

using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using Windows.Win32.System.Com;

namespace Windows.Win32.Foundation;

/// <summary>
///  Lifetime management struct for a native COM pointer. Meant to be utilized in a <see langword="using"/> statement
///  to ensure <see cref="IUnknown.Release"/> is called when going out of scope with the using.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
///  <para>
///   This struct has implicit conversions to T** and void** so it can be passed directly to out methods.
///   For example:
///  </para>
///  <code>
///   using ComScope&lt;IUnknown&gt; unknown = new(null);
///   comObject-&gt;QueryInterface(&amp;iid, unknown);
///  </code>
///  <para>
///   Take care to NOT make copies of the struct to avoid accidental over-release.
///  </para>
/// </remarks>
/// <typeparam name="T">
///  This should be one of the struct COM definitions as generated by CsWin32. Ideally we'd constrain to
///  <see cref="IUnknown.Interface"/> or some other interface tag to enforce that this is being used around
///  a struct that is actually a COM wrapper.
/// </typeparam>
internal readonly unsafe ref struct ComScope<T> where T : unmanaged, IComIID
{
    // Keeping internal as nint allows us to use Unsafe methods to get significantly better generated code.
    private readonly nint _value;
    public T* Value => (T*)_value;
    public IUnknown* AsUnknown => (IUnknown*)_value;

    public ComScope(T* value) => _value = (nint)value;

    // Can't add an operator for IUnknown* as we have ComScope<IUnknown>.

    public static implicit operator T*(in ComScope<T> scope) => (T*)scope._value;

    public static implicit operator void*(in ComScope<T> scope) => (void*)scope._value;

    public static implicit operator nint(in ComScope<T> scope) => scope._value;

    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
    public static implicit operator T**(in ComScope<T> scope) => (T**)Unsafe.AsPointer(ref Unsafe.AsRef(in scope._value));

    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
    public static implicit operator void**(in ComScope<T> scope) => (void**)Unsafe.AsPointer(ref Unsafe.AsRef(in scope._value));

    public bool IsNull => _value == 0;

    /// <summary>
    ///  Tries querying the requested interface into a new <see cref="ComScope{T}"/>.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="hr">The result of the query.</param>
    public ComScope<TTo> TryQuery<TTo>(out HRESULT hr) where TTo : unmanaged, IComIID
    {
        ComScope<TTo> scope = new(null);
        hr = ((IUnknown*)Value)->QueryInterface(IID.Get<TTo>(), scope);
        return scope;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  Queries the requested interface into a new <see cref="ComScope{T}"/>.
    /// </summary>
    public ComScope<TTo> Query<TTo>() where TTo : unmanaged, IComIID
    {
        ComScope<TTo> scope = new(null);
        ((IUnknown*)Value)->QueryInterface(IID.Get<TTo>(), scope).ThrowOnFailure();
        return scope;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  Attempt to create a <see cref="ComScope{T}"/> from the given COM interface.
    /// </summary>
    public static ComScope<T> TryQueryFrom<TFrom>(TFrom* from, out HRESULT hr) where TFrom : unmanaged, IComIID
    {
        ComScope<T> scope = new(null);
        hr = from is null ? HRESULT.E_POINTER : ((IUnknown*)from)->QueryInterface(IID.Get<T>(), scope);
        return scope;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  Create a <see cref="ComScope{T}"/> from the given COM interface. Throws on failure.
    /// </summary>
    public static ComScope<T> QueryFrom<TFrom>(TFrom* from) where TFrom : unmanaged, IComIID
    {
        if (from is null)
        {
            HRESULT.E_POINTER.ThrowOnFailure();
        }

        ComScope<T> scope = new(null);
        ((IUnknown*)from)->QueryInterface(IID.Get<T>(), scope).ThrowOnFailure();
        return scope;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///  Simple helper for checking if a given interface is supported. Only use this if you don't intend to
    ///  use the interface, otherwise use <see cref="TryQuery{TTo}(out HRESULT)"/>.
    /// </summary>
    public bool SupportsInterface<TInterface>() where TInterface : unmanaged, IComIID
    {
        if (typeof(TInterface) == typeof(T))
        {
            return true;
        }

        IUnknown* unknown;
        HRESULT hr = AsUnknown->QueryInterface(IID.Get<TInterface>(), (void**)&unknown);

        if (hr.Succeeded)
        {
            unknown->Release();
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        IUnknown* unknown = (IUnknown*)_value;

        // Really want this to be null after disposal to avoid double releases, but we also want
        // to maintain the readonly state of the struct to allow passing as `in` without creating implicit
        // copies (which would break the T** and void** operators).
        *(void**)this = null;
        if (unknown is not null)
        {
            unknown->Release();
        }
    }
}
