% Options for packages loaded elsewhere
\PassOptionsToPackage{unicode$for(hyperrefoptions)$,$hyperrefoptions$$endfor$}{hyperref}
\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
$if(colorlinks)$
\PassOptionsToPackage{dvipsnames,svgnames*,x11names*}{xcolor}
$endif$
$if(dir)$
$if(latex-dir-rtl)$
\PassOptionsToPackage{RTLdocument}{bidi}
$endif$
$endif$
%
\documentclass[
$if(fontsize)$
  $fontsize$,
$endif$
$if(lang)$
  $babel-lang$,
$endif$
$if(papersize)$
  $papersize$paper,
$endif$
$if(beamer)$
  ignorenonframetext,
$if(handout)$
  handout,
$endif$
$if(aspectratio)$
  aspectratio=$aspectratio$,
$endif$
$endif$
$for(classoption)$
  $classoption$$sep$,
$endfor$
]{$documentclass$}
$if(beamer)$
$if(background-image)$
\usebackgroundtemplate{%
  \includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{$background-image$}%
}
$endif$
\usepackage{pgfpages}
\setbeamertemplate{caption}[numbered]
\setbeamertemplate{caption label separator}{: }
\setbeamercolor{caption name}{fg=normal text.fg}
\beamertemplatenavigationsymbols$if(navigation)$$navigation$$else$empty$endif$
$for(beameroption)$
\setbeameroption{$beameroption$}
$endfor$
% Prevent slide breaks in the middle of a paragraph
\widowpenalties 1 10000
\raggedbottom
$if(section-titles)$
\setbeamertemplate{part page}{
  \centering
  \begin{beamercolorbox}[sep=16pt,center]{part title}
    \usebeamerfont{part title}\insertpart\par
  \end{beamercolorbox}
}
\setbeamertemplate{section page}{
  \centering
  \begin{beamercolorbox}[sep=12pt,center]{part title}
    \usebeamerfont{section title}\insertsection\par
  \end{beamercolorbox}
}
\setbeamertemplate{subsection page}{
  \centering
  \begin{beamercolorbox}[sep=8pt,center]{part title}
    \usebeamerfont{subsection title}\insertsubsection\par
  \end{beamercolorbox}
}
\AtBeginPart{
  \frame{\partpage}
}
\AtBeginSection{
  \ifbibliography
  \else
    \frame{\sectionpage}
  \fi
}
\AtBeginSubsection{
  \frame{\subsectionpage}
}
$endif$
$endif$
$if(beamerarticle)$
\usepackage{beamerarticle} % needs to be loaded first
$endif$
$if(fontfamily)$
\usepackage[$for(fontfamilyoptions)$$fontfamilyoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$fontfamily$}
$else$
\usepackage{lmodern}
$endif$
$if(linestretch)$
\usepackage{setspace}
$endif$
\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}
\usepackage{ifxetex,ifluatex}
\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
  \usepackage[$if(fontenc)$$fontenc$$else$T1$endif$]{fontenc}
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
  \usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
\else % if luatex or xetex
$if(mathspec)$
  \ifxetex
    \usepackage{mathspec}
  \else
    \usepackage{unicode-math}
  \fi
$else$
  \usepackage{unicode-math}
$endif$
  \defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
  \defaultfontfeatures[\rmfamily]{Ligatures=TeX,Scale=1}
$if(mainfont)$
  \setmainfont[$for(mainfontoptions)$$mainfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$mainfont$}
$endif$
$if(sansfont)$
  \setsansfont[$for(sansfontoptions)$$sansfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$sansfont$}
$endif$
$if(monofont)$
  \setmonofont[$for(monofontoptions)$$monofontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$monofont$}
$endif$
$for(fontfamilies)$
  \newfontfamily{$fontfamilies.name$}[$for(fontfamilies.options)$$fontfamilies.options$$sep$,$endfor$]{$fontfamilies.font$}
$endfor$
$if(mathfont)$
$if(mathspec)$
  \ifxetex
    \setmathfont(Digits,Latin,Greek)[$for(mathfontoptions)$$mathfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$mathfont$}
  \else
    \setmathfont[$for(mathfontoptions)$$mathfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$mathfont$}
  \fi
$else$
  \setmathfont[$for(mathfontoptions)$$mathfontoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$mathfont$}
$endif$
$endif$
$if(CJKmainfont)$
  \ifxetex
    \usepackage{xeCJK}
    \setCJKmainfont[$for(CJKoptions)$$CJKoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$CJKmainfont$}
  \fi
$endif$
$if(luatexjapresetoptions)$
  \ifluatex
    \usepackage[$for(luatexjapresetoptions)$$luatexjapresetoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{luatexja-preset}
  \fi
$endif$
$if(CJKmainfont)$
  \ifluatex
    \usepackage[$for(luatexjafontspecoptions)$$luatexjafontspecoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{luatexja-fontspec}
    \setmainjfont[$for(CJKoptions)$$CJKoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$CJKmainfont$}
  \fi
$endif$
\fi
$if(beamer)$
$if(theme)$
\usetheme[$for(themeoptions)$$themeoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{$theme$}
$endif$
$if(colortheme)$
\usecolortheme{$colortheme$}
$endif$
$if(fonttheme)$
\usefonttheme{$fonttheme$}
$endif$
$if(mainfont)$
\usefonttheme{serif} % use mainfont rather than sansfont for slide text
$endif$
$if(innertheme)$
\useinnertheme{$innertheme$}
$endif$
$if(outertheme)$
\useoutertheme{$outertheme$}
$endif$
$endif$
% Use upquote if available, for straight quotes in verbatim environments
\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}
\IfFileExists{microtype.sty}{% use microtype if available
  \usepackage[$for(microtypeoptions)$$microtypeoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{microtype}
  \UseMicrotypeSet[protrusion]{basicmath} % disable protrusion for tt fonts
}{}
$if(indent)$
$else$
\makeatletter
\@ifundefined{KOMAClassName}{% if non-KOMA class
  \IfFileExists{parskip.sty}{%
    \usepackage{parskip}
  }{% else
    \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
    \setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}}
}{% if KOMA class
  \KOMAoptions{parskip=half}}
\makeatother
$endif$
$if(verbatim-in-note)$
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
$endif$
\usepackage{xcolor}
\IfFileExists{xurl.sty}{\usepackage{xurl}}{} % add URL line breaks if available
\IfFileExists{bookmark.sty}{\usepackage{bookmark}}{\usepackage{hyperref}}
\hypersetup{
$if(title-meta)$
  pdftitle={$title-meta$},
$endif$
$if(author-meta)$
  pdfauthor={$author-meta$},
$endif$
$if(lang)$
  pdflang={$lang$},
$endif$
$if(subject)$
  pdfsubject={$subject$},
$endif$
$if(keywords)$
  pdfkeywords={$for(keywords)$$keywords$$sep$, $endfor$},
$endif$
$if(colorlinks)$
  colorlinks=true,
  linkcolor=$if(linkcolor)$$linkcolor$$else$Maroon$endif$,
  filecolor=$if(filecolor)$$filecolor$$else$Maroon$endif$,
  citecolor=$if(citecolor)$$citecolor$$else$Blue$endif$,
  urlcolor=$if(urlcolor)$$urlcolor$$else$Blue$endif$,
$else$
  hidelinks,
$endif$
  pdfcreator={LaTeX via pandoc}}
\urlstyle{same} % disable monospaced font for URLs
$if(verbatim-in-note)$
\VerbatimFootnotes % allow verbatim text in footnotes
$endif$
$if(geometry)$
$if(beamer)$
\geometry{$for(geometry)$$geometry$$sep$,$endfor$}
$else$
\usepackage[$for(geometry)$$geometry$$sep$,$endfor$]{geometry}
$endif$
$endif$
$if(tinyverbatim)$
\makeatletter
\def\verbatim{\tiny\@verbatim \frenchspacing\@vobeyspaces \@xverbatim}
\makeatother
$endif$
$if(beamer)$
\newif\ifbibliography
$endif$
$if(listings)$
\usepackage{listings}
\newcommand{\passthrough}[1]{#1}
\lstset{defaultdialect=[5.3]Lua}
\lstset{defaultdialect=[x86masm]Assembler}
$endif$
$if(lhs)$
\lstnewenvironment{code}{\lstset{language=Haskell,basicstyle=\small\ttfamily}}{}
$endif$
$if(highlighting-macros)$
$highlighting-macros$
$endif$
$if(tables)$
\usepackage{longtable,booktabs}
$if(beamer)$
\usepackage{caption}
% Make caption package work with longtable
\makeatletter
\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
\makeatother
$else$
% Correct order of tables after \paragraph or \subparagraph
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\longtable{\par}{\if@noskipsec\mbox{}\fi\par}{}{}
\makeatother
% Allow footnotes in longtable head/foot
\IfFileExists{footnotehyper.sty}{\usepackage{footnotehyper}}{\usepackage{footnote}}
\makesavenoteenv{longtable}
$endif$
$endif$
$if(graphics)$
\usepackage{graphicx,grffile}
\makeatletter
\def\maxwidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth\linewidth\else\Gin@nat@width\fi}
\def\maxheight{\ifdim\Gin@nat@height>\textheight\textheight\else\Gin@nat@height\fi}
\makeatother
% Scale images if necessary, so that they will not overflow the page
% margins by default, and it is still possible to overwrite the defaults
% using explicit options in \includegraphics[width, height, ...]{}
\setkeys{Gin}{width=\maxwidth,height=\maxheight,keepaspectratio}
% Set default figure placement to htbp
\makeatletter
\def\fps@figure{htbp}
\makeatother
$endif$
$if(links-as-notes)$
% Make links footnotes instead of hotlinks:
\DeclareRobustCommand{\href}[2]{#2\footnote{\url{#1}}}
$endif$
$if(strikeout)$
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
% Avoid problems with \sout in headers with hyperref
\pdfstringdefDisableCommands{\renewcommand{\sout}{}}
$endif$
\setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em} % prevent overfull lines
\providecommand{\tightlist}{%
  \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
$if(numbersections)$
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{$if(secnumdepth)$$secnumdepth$$else$5$endif$}
$else$
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-\maxdimen} % remove section numbering
$endif$
$if(beamer)$
$else$
$if(block-headings)$
% Make \paragraph and \subparagraph free-standing
\ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
  \let\oldparagraph\paragraph
  \renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
\fi
\ifx\subparagraph\undefined\else
  \let\oldsubparagraph\subparagraph
  \renewcommand{\subparagraph}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
\fi
$endif$
$endif$
$if(pagestyle)$
\pagestyle{$pagestyle$}
$endif$
$for(header-includes)$
$header-includes$
$endfor$

% Left margins
\usepackage{marginnote}
\newcommand{\Question}[1]{\reversemarginpar\marginnote{\textbf{Q#1.}}}

$if(advanced-cs)$
\usepackage[ruled, french, frenchkw]{algorithm2e} 
\usepackage{xcolor}

\lstset{
    basicstyle=\ttfamily,
    numbers=left,
    keywordstyle=\color[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}\bfseries,
    stringstyle=\color[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02},
    commentstyle=\color[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}\itshape,
    numberstyle=\footnotesize,
    stepnumber=1,
    numbersep=5pt,
    backgroundcolor=\color[RGB]{248,248,248},
    showspaces=false,
    showstringspaces=false,
    showtabs=false,
    tabsize=2,
    captionpos=b,
    breaklines=true,
    breakatwhitespace=true,
    breakautoindent=true,
    escapeinside={\%*}{*)},
    mathescape=true,
    linewidth=\textwidth,
    basewidth=0.5em,
}
\usepackage{fvextra}
\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Highlighting}{Verbatim}{breaklines,commandchars=\\\{\}}
$endif$
$if(figures)$
\usepackage{float}
$endif$
$if(minted)$
\usepackage{minted}
\setminted{encoding=utf-8}
$endif$
$if(twocolumn-minted)$
\setlength{\columnsep}{1cm}
$endif$
$if(lean-minted)$
%\setmainfont{FreeSerif}
%\setmonofont{FreeMono}
\usepackage{fullpage}
$endif$
$if(advanced-maths)$
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\usepackage{amsthm}

%\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}
%\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
%\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[section]
%\newtheorem{example}{Example}[section]

\DeclarePairedDelimiter\abs{\lvert}{\rvert}%
\DeclarePairedDelimiter\norm{\lVert}{\rVert}%
\DeclarePairedDelimiter\ceil{\lceil}{\rceil}%
\DeclarePairedDelimiter\floor{\lfloor}{\rfloor}%

\DeclareMathOperator*{\card}{card}%
\DeclareMathOperator*{\argmin}{argmin}%
\DeclareMathOperator*{\Mat}{Mat}%
\DeclareMathOperator{\Vol}{Vol}%
\DeclareMathOperator{\msucc}{succ}%
\DeclareMathOperator{\pgcd}{pgcd}%
\DeclareMathOperator{\ppcm}{ppcm}%
\DeclareMathOperator{\Ker}{Ker}%

% \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorème}
% \newtheorem{definition}{Définition}[section]

\newcommand{\N}{\mathbb{N}}
\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}}
\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}}
\newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb{Q}}
\newcommand{\K}{\mathbb{K}}
\newcommand{\M}{\mathcal{M}}
\newcommand{\class}[1]{\mathcal{C}^{#1}}
\newcommand{\ie}{\text{i.e. }}

\newcommand{\application}[5]{%
        \begin{array}{ccccl}%
        #1 & : & #2 & \to & #3 \\ %
         & & #4 & \mapsto & #5 \\ %
        \end{array}%
}%

% Swap the definition of \abs* and \norm*, so that \abs
% and \norm resizes the size of the brackets, and the 
% starred version does not.
\makeatletter
\let\oldabs\abs
\def\abs{\@ifstar{\oldabs}{\oldabs*}}
%
\let\oldnorm\norm
\def\norm{\@ifstar{\oldnorm}{\oldnorm*}}
\makeatother
$endif$
$if(lang)$
\ifxetex
  % Load polyglossia as late as possible: uses bidi with RTL langages (e.g. Hebrew, Arabic)
  \usepackage{polyglossia}
  \setmainlanguage[$polyglossia-lang.options$]{$polyglossia-lang.name$}
$for(polyglossia-otherlangs)$
  \setotherlanguage[$polyglossia-otherlangs.options$]{$polyglossia-otherlangs.name$}
$endfor$
\else
  \usepackage[shorthands=off,$for(babel-otherlangs)$$babel-otherlangs$,$endfor$main=$babel-lang$]{babel}
$if(babel-newcommands)$
  $babel-newcommands$
$endif$
\fi
$endif$
$if(dir)$
\ifxetex
  % Load bidi as late as possible as it modifies e.g. graphicx
  \usepackage{bidi}
\fi
\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
  \TeXXeTstate=1
  \newcommand{\RL}[1]{\beginR #1\endR}
  \newcommand{\LR}[1]{\beginL #1\endL}
  \newenvironment{RTL}{\beginR}{\endR}
  \newenvironment{LTR}{\beginL}{\endL}
\fi
$endif$
$if(natbib)$
\usepackage[$natbiboptions$]{natbib}
\bibliographystyle{$if(biblio-style)$$biblio-style$$else$plainnat$endif$}
$endif$
$if(biblatex)$
\usepackage[$if(biblio-style)$style=$biblio-style$,$endif$$for(biblatexoptions)$$biblatexoptions$$sep$,$endfor$]{biblatex}
$for(bibliography)$
\addbibresource{$bibliography$}
$endfor$
$endif$

$if(title)$
\title{$title$$if(thanks)$\thanks{$thanks$}$endif$}
$endif$
$if(subtitle)$
$if(beamer)$
$else$
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\providecommand{\subtitle}[1]{% add subtitle to \maketitle
  \apptocmd{\@title}{\par {\large #1 \par}}{}{}
}
\makeatother
$endif$
\subtitle{$subtitle$}
$endif$
$if(author)$
\author{$for(author)$$author$$sep$ \and $endfor$}
$endif$
\date{$date$}
$if(beamer)$
$if(institute)$
\institute{$for(institute)$$institute$$sep$ \and $endfor$}
$endif$
$if(titlegraphic)$
\titlegraphic{\includegraphics{$titlegraphic$}}
$endif$
$if(logo)$
\logo{\includegraphics{$logo$}}
$endif$
$endif$

\begin{document}
$if(has-frontmatter)$
\frontmatter
$endif$
$if(title)$
$if(beamer)$
\frame{\titlepage}
$else$
\maketitle
$endif$
$if(abstract)$
\begin{abstract}
$abstract$
\end{abstract}
$endif$
$endif$

$for(include-before)$
$include-before$

$endfor$
$if(toc)$
$if(toc-title)$
\renewcommand*\contentsname{$toc-title$}
$endif$
$if(beamer)$
\begin{frame}
$if(toc-title)$
  \frametitle{$toc-title$}
$endif$
  \tableofcontents[hideallsubsections]
\end{frame}
$else$
{
$if(colorlinks)$
\hypersetup{linkcolor=$if(toccolor)$$toccolor$$else$$endif$}
$endif$
\setcounter{tocdepth}{$toc-depth$}
\tableofcontents
}
$endif$
$endif$
$if(lot)$
\listoftables
$endif$
$if(lof)$
\listoffigures
$endif$
$if(linestretch)$
\setstretch{$linestretch$}
$endif$
$if(has-frontmatter)$
\mainmatter
$endif$
$body$

$if(has-frontmatter)$
\backmatter
$endif$
$if(natbib)$
$if(bibliography)$
$if(biblio-title)$
$if(has-chapters)$
\renewcommand\bibname{$biblio-title$}
$else$
\renewcommand\refname{$biblio-title$}
$endif$
$endif$
$if(beamer)$
\begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]{$biblio-title$}
  \bibliographytrue
$endif$
  \bibliography{$for(bibliography)$$bibliography$$sep$,$endfor$}
$if(beamer)$
\end{frame}
$endif$

$endif$
$endif$
$if(biblatex)$
$if(beamer)$
\begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]{$biblio-title$}
  \bibliographytrue
  \printbibliography[heading=none]
\end{frame}
$else$
\printbibliography$if(biblio-title)$[title=$biblio-title$]$endif$
$endif$

$endif$
$for(include-after)$
$include-after$

$endfor$
\end{document}
