# I am using print() to get new line in the output
# EXERCISE LEVEL 1
# exercise 1
def add_two_numbers(par1, par2):
    sum = par1 + par2
    return sum
print(add_two_numbers(5,9))
print()

# exercise 2
def area_of_circle(r):
    pi = 3.14
    area = pi*r*r
    print('The area of circleis: ', area)
area_of_circle(9)
print()

# exercise 3
def add_all_nums(*args):
    sum = 0
    for arg in args:
        sum+=arg
    return sum
print(add_all_nums(9,4,2,3,64,8,7))
print(type(add_all_nums))
# this is not a number type it is function because the variable is def as function
print(0)

# exercise 4
def convert_celsius_to_fahrenheit(C):
    F = (C * 9/5) + 32
    print('the temperature in Fahrenheit is: ', F,'F', sep='')
convert_celsius_to_fahrenheit(69.6)
print()

# exercise 5
def check_season(month):
    if month == 'September':
       print('the season is Autumn')
    elif month == 'October':
        print('the season is Autumn')
    elif month == 'November':
        print('the season is Autumn')
    elif month == 'December':
        print('the season is Winter')
    elif month == 'January':
        print('the season is Autumn')
    elif month == 'February':
        print('the season is Winter')
    elif month == 'March':
        print('the season is Spring')
    elif month == 'April':
        print('the season is Spring')
    elif month == 'May':
        print('the season is Spring')
    elif month == 'June':
        print('the season is Summer')
    elif month == 'July':
        print('the season is Summer')
    elif month == 'August':
        print('the season is Summer')
    else:
        print()
check_season('December')
print()

# exercise 6
def calculate_slope(x1,y1,x2,y2):
    slope = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)
    return slope
print('The slope is: ', calculate_slope(5,6,8,9))
print()

# eercise 7
def solve_quadratic_eqn(a,b,c):
    x3 = (b**2-4*a*c)**(.5)
    x1 = (-b+x3)/2*a
    x2 = (-b-x3)/2*a
    return x1, x2
print('The roots are: ',solve_quadratic_eqn(2,4,2))
print()

# exercise 8
def print_list(*par):
    lst = []
    for i in par:
        lst.append(i)
    return lst
print(print_list('Laptop','Coders','techies','ArewaDs'))
print()

# exercise 9
def reverse_list(par):
    lst=par
    for i in lst:
        lst.reverse()
    return lst
print(reverse_list([9, 8, 7, 6, 5]))
print(reverse_list(['P','Y','T']))
print()

# exercise 10
def capitalize_list_items(par):
    lst = []
    for i in par:
        lst.append(i.upper())
    return lst
print(capitalize_list_items(['A mathematician','Physicist','aka','Engineer']))
print()

# exercise 11
def add_item(list,item):
    lst=list
    lst.append(item)
    return lst
print(add_item(["penApple","banana"],'Water melon'))

# exercise 12
def remove_item(list,item):
    lst=list
    lst.remove(item)
    return lst
print(remove_item(['Caps','Shoes','Watch'],'Watch'))
print()

# exercise 13
def sum_of_numbers(num):
    sum=0
    for i in range(num):
        sum=sum+i
    return sum
print(sum_of_numbers(5))
print(sum_of_numbers(10))
print(sum_of_numbers(100))
print()

# exercise 14
def sum_of_odds(num):
    sum=0
    for i in range(num):
        if i%2 == 1:
            sum=sum+i
    print(f"the sum of odd numbers in the range of {num} is: ",sum)
sum_of_odds(9)
print()

# exercise 15
def sum_of_evens(num):
    sum=0
    for i in range(num):
        if i%2==0:
            sum=sum+i
    print(f"the sum of even numbers in the range of {num} is: ",sum)
sum_of_evens(5)
print()

# EXERCISE LEVEL 2
# exercise 1
def evens_and_odds(int):
  num_even = 0
  num_odd = 0
  for i in range(int + 1):
    if i % 2 == 0:
      num_even += 1
    else: 
      num_odd += 1
  return f'The number of odd are: {num_odd} \nThe number of even are: {num_even}'
  
print(f'For 100, {evens_and_odds(100)}')
print()

# exercise 2
def factorial(x):
  fact = 1
  for i in range(1,x+1):
    fact *= i
  return fact

print(f'The factorial of 6 is {factorial(6)} ')
print()

# exercise 3
def is_empty(x):
  if len(x) == 0:
    state = 'Empty'
  else:
    state = 'Not empty'
  return state
print(is_empty([]))
print()

# exercise 3x1, 3x2 3x3 3x4......
def calculate_mean(list):
  sum = 0
  for i in range(len(list)):
    sum += list[i]
  mean = sum / len(list)
  return mean
print(f'The mean of [9,8,7,6,5] is: {calculate_mean([9,8,7,6,5])}')
print()
def calculate_median(list):
  list_length = len(list)
  list.sort()
  if list_length % 2 == 0:
    median = (list[list_length//2] + list[list_length//2 - 1])/2
  else:
    median = list[list_length//2]
  return median
print()
print(f'The median of [9,8,7,6,5] is: {calculate_median([9,8,7,6,5])}')
print(f'The median of [9,8,7,6,5] is: {calculate_median([9,8,7,6,5])}')
print()
def calculate_mode(list):
  dic = {}
  for item in list:
      dic[item] = dic.get(item,0) + 1
  return [i for  i,j in dic.items() if j == max(dic.values()) ]
    
print(f'The mode of [2,1,1,3,4,5,6,9,9,8,8,1,1] is: {calculate_mode([2,1,1,3,4,5,6,9,9,8,8,1,1])}')
print()
def calculate_range(list):
  list.sort()
  range = list[len(list)-1] - list[0]
  return range
print(f'The range of [20,80,9,6,8,4] is: {calculate_range([20,80,9,6,8,4])}')
print()
def calculate_variance(list):
  sum = 0
  sum_of_diffs = 0
  for i in range(len(list)):
    sum += list[i]
  mean = sum / len(list)
  for i in range(len(list)):
    sum_of_diffs +=  (list[i] - mean ) ** 2
  variance = sum_of_diffs/(len(list) - 1)
  return variance

print(f'The variance of [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] is: {calculate_variance([1,2,3,4,5,6,7])}')
print()
def calculate_std(list):
  sum = 0
  sum_of_diffs = 0
  for i in range(len(list)):
    sum += list[i]
  mean = sum / len(list)
  for i in range(len(list)):
    sum_of_diffs +=  ((list[i] - mean ) ** 2)
  sd = (sum_of_diffs/(len(list)-1)) ** (1/2)
  return sd

print(f'The standard diviation of [1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9] is: {calculate_std([1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9])}')
print()

# EXERCISE LEVEL 3
# exercise 1
def is_prime(number):
    import math
    if number <= 1:
     return f'{number} is not a prime number'
    x = math.floor(math.sqrt(number))
    for i in range(2, 1 + x):
        if number % i == 0:
            return f"{number} is not a prime number"
    return f"{number} is a prime number"
print(is_prime(9))
print()

# exercise 2
def check_unique_items(list):
    return len(set(list)) == len(list)
print(check_unique_items(['Arewads','python','days','jupiter','ohhh']))
print()

# exercise 3
def check_data_type(list):
    nlist= iter(list)
    type1= type(next(nlist))
    return type1 if all((type(x) is type1) for x in nlist) else False
print(check_data_type([7,8,0,'Jupiter','python']))
print()

# exercise 4
def is_valid_variable(variable):
     if variable == True:
         return variable
     return 'Checking python file in jupiter'
print( is_valid_variable(variable=5))
print()

# exercise 5
countries_data = [ { "name": "Afghanistan", "capital": "Kabul", "languages": [ "Pashto", "Uzbek", "Turkmen" ], "population": 27657145, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/afg.svg", "currency": "Afghan afghani" }, { "name": "Åland Islands", "capital": "Mariehamn", "languages": [ "Swedish" ], "population": 28875, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ala.svg", "currency": "Euro" }, { "name": "Albania", "capital": "Tirana", "languages": [ "Albanian" ], "population": 2886026, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/alb.svg", "currency": "Albanian lek" }, { "name": "Algeria", "capital": "Algiers", "languages": [ "Arabic" ], "population": 40400000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/dza.svg", "currency": "Algerian dinar" }, { "name": "American Samoa", "capital": "Pago Pago", "languages": [ "English", "Samoan" ], "population": 57100, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/asm.svg", "currency": "United State Dollar" }, { "name": "Andorra", "capital": "Andorra la Vella", "languages": [ "Catalan" ], "population": 78014, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/and.svg", "currency": "Euro" }, { "name": "Angola", "capital": "Luanda", "languages": [ "Portuguese" ], "population": 25868000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ago.svg", "currency": "Angolan kwanza" }, { "name": "Anguilla", "capital": "The Valley", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 13452, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/aia.svg", "currency": "East Caribbean dollar" }, { "name": "Antarctica", "capital": "", "languages": [ "English", "Russian" ], "population": 1000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ata.svg", "currency": "Australian dollar" }, { "name": "Antigua and Barbuda", "capital": "Saint John's", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 86295, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/atg.svg", "currency": "East Caribbean dollar" }, { "name": "Argentina", "capital": "Buenos Aires", "languages": [ "Spanish", "Guaraní" ], "population": 43590400, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/arg.svg", "currency": "Argentine peso" }, { "name": "Armenia", "capital": "Yerevan", "languages": [ "Armenian", "Russian" ], "population": 2994400, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/arm.svg", "currency": "Armenian dram" }, { "name": "Aruba", "capital": "Oranjestad", "languages": [ "Dutch", "(Eastern) Punjabi" ], "population": 107394, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/abw.svg", "currency": "Aruban florin" }, { "name": "Australia", "capital": "Canberra", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 24117360, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/aus.svg", "currency": "Australian dollar" }, { "name": "Austria", "capital": "Vienna", "languages": ["German" ], "population": 8725931, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/aut.svg", "currency": "Euro" }, { "name": "Azerbaijan", "capital": "Baku", "languages": [ "Azerbaijani" ], "population": 9730500, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/aze.svg", "currency": "Azerbaijani manat" }, { "name": "Bahamas", "capital": "Nassau", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 378040, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bhs.svg", "currency": "Bahamian dollar" }, { "name": "Bahrain", "capital": "Manama", "languages": [ "Arabic" ], "population": 1404900, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bhr.svg", "currency": "Bahraini dinar" }, { "name": "Bangladesh", "capital": "Dhaka", "languages": [ "Bengali" ], "population": 161006790, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bgd.svg", "currency": "Bangladeshi taka" }, { "name": "Barbados", "capital": "Bridgetown", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 285000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/brb.svg", "currency": "Barbadian dollar" }, { "name": "Belarus", "capital": "Minsk", "languages": [ "Belarusian", "Russian" ], "population": 9498700, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/blr.svg", "currency": "New Belarusian ruble" }, { "name": "Belgium", "capital": "Brussels", "languages": [ "Dutch", "French", "German" ], "population": 11319511, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bel.svg", "currency": "Euro" }, { "name": "Belize", "capital": "Belmopan", "languages": [ "English", "Spanish" ], "population": 370300, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/blz.svg", "currency": "Belize dollar" }, { "name": "Benin", "capital": "Porto-Novo", "languages": [ "French" ], "population": 10653654, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ben.svg", "currency": "West African CFA franc" }, { "name": "Bermuda", "capital": "Hamilton", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 61954, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bmu.svg", "currency": "Bermudian dollar" }, { "name": "Bhutan", "capital": "Thimphu", "languages": [ "Dzongkha" ], "population": 775620, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/btn.svg", "currency": "Bhutanese ngultrum" }, { "name": "Bolivia (Plurinational State of)", "capital": "Sucre", "languages": [ "Spanish", "Aymara", "Quechua" ], "population": 10985059, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bol.svg", "currency": "Bolivian boliviano" }, { "name": "Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba", "capital": "Kralendijk", "languages": [ "Dutch" ], "population": 17408, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bes.svg", "currency": "United States dollar" }, { "name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "capital": "Sarajevo", "languages": [ "Bosnian", "Croatian", "Serbian"], "population": 3531159, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bih.svg", "currency": "Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark" }, { "name": "Botswana", "capital": "Gaborone", "languages": [ "English", "Tswana" ], "population": 2141206, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bwa.svg", "currency": "Botswana pula" }, { "name": "Bouvet Island", "capital": "", "languages": [ "Norwegian", "Norwegian Bokmål", "Norwegian Nynorsk" ], "population": 0, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bvt.svg", "currency": "Norwegian krone" }, { "name": "Brazil", "capital": "Brasília", "languages": [ "Portuguese" ], "population": 206135893, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bra.svg", "currency": "Brazilian real" }, { "name": "British Indian Ocean Territory", "capital": "Diego Garcia", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 3000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/iot.svg", "currency": "United States dollar" }, { "name": "United States Minor Outlying Islands", "capital": "", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 300, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/umi.svg", "currency": "United States Dollar" }, { "name": "Virgin Islands (British)", "capital": "Road Town", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 28514, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/vgb.svg", "currency": "[D]" }, { "name": "Virgin Islands (U.S.)", "capital": "Charlotte Amalie", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 114743, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/vir.svg", "currency": "United States dollar" }, { "name": "Brunei Darussalam", "capital": "Bandar Seri Begawan", "languages": [ "Malay" ], "population": 411900, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/brn.svg", "currency": "Brunei dollar" }, { "name": "Bulgaria", "capital": "Sofia", "languages": [ "Bulgarian" ], "population": 7153784, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bgr.svg", "currency": "Bulgarian lev" }, { "name": "Burkina Faso", "capital": "Ouagadougou", "languages": [ "French", "Fula" ], "population": 19034397, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bfa.svg", "currency": "West African CFA franc" }, { "name": "Burundi", "capital": "Bujumbura", "languages": [ "French", "Kirundi" ], "population": 10114505, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/bdi.svg", "currency": "Burundian franc" }, { "name": "Cambodia", "capital": "Phnom Penh", "languages": [ "Khmer" ], "population": 15626444, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/khm.svg", "currency": "Cambodian riel" }, { "name": "Cameroon", "capital": "Yaoundé", "languages": [ "English", "French" ], "population": 22709892, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cmr.svg", "currency": "Central African CFA franc" }, { "name": "Canada", "capital": "Ottawa", "languages": ["English", "French" ], "population": 36155487, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/can.svg", "currency": "Canadian dollar" }, { "name": "Cabo Verde", "capital": "Praia", "languages": [ "Portuguese" ], "population": 531239, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cpv.svg", "currency": "Cape Verdean escudo" }, { "name": "Cayman Islands", "capital": "George Town", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 58238, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cym.svg", "currency": "Cayman Islands dollar" }, { "name": "Central African Republic", "capital": "Bangui", "languages": [ "French", "Sango" ], "population": 4998000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/caf.svg", "currency": "Central African CFA franc" }, { "name": "Chad", "capital": "N'Djamena", "languages": [ "French", "Arabic" ], "population": 14497000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tcd.svg", "currency": "Central African CFA franc" }, { "name": "Chile", "capital": "Santiago", "languages": [ "Spanish" ], "population": 18191900, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/chl.svg", "currency": "Chilean peso" }, { "name": "China", "capital": "Beijing", "languages": [ "Chinese" ], "population": 1377422166, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/chn.svg", "currency": "Chinese yuan" }, { "name": "Christmas Island", "capital": "Flying Fish Cove", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 2072, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cxr.svg", "currency": "Australian dollar" }, { "name": "Cocos (Keeling) Islands", "capital": "West Island", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 550, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cck.svg", "currency": "Australian dollar" }, { "name": "Colombia", "capital": "Bogotá", "languages": [ "Spanish" ], "population": 48759958, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/col.svg", "currency": "Colombian peso" }, { "name": "Comoros", "capital": "Moroni", "languages": [ "Arabic", "French" ], "population": 806153, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/com.svg", "currency": "Comorian franc" }, { "name": "Congo", "capital": "Brazzaville", "languages": [ "French", "Lingala" ], "population": 4741000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cog.svg", "currency": "Central African CFA franc" }, { "name": "Congo (Democratic Republic of the)", "capital": "Kinshasa", "languages": [ "French", "Lingala", "Kongo", "Swahili", "Luba-Katanga" ], "population": 85026000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cod.svg", "currency": "Congolese franc" }, { "name": "Cook Islands", "capital": "Avarua", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 18100, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cok.svg", "currency": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "name": "Costa Rica","capital": "San José", "languages": [ "Spanish" ], "population": 4890379, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cri.svg", "currency": "Costa Rican colón" }, { "name": "Croatia", "capital": "Zagreb", "languages": [ "Croatian" ], "population": 4190669, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/hrv.svg", "currency": "Croatian kuna" }, { "name": "Cuba", "capital": "Havana", "languages": [ "Spanish" ], "population": 11239004, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cub.svg", "currency": "Cuban convertible peso" }, { "name": "Curaçao", "capital": "Willemstad", "languages": [ "Dutch", "(Eastern) Punjabi", "English" ], "population": 154843, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cuw.svg", "currency": "Netherlands Antillean guilder" }, { "name": "Cyprus", "capital": "Nicosia", "languages": [ "Greek (modern)", "Turkish", "Armenian" ], "population": 847000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cyp.svg", "currency": "Euro" }, { "name": "Czech Republic", "capital": "Prague", "languages": [ "Czech", "Slovak" ], "population": 10558524, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/cze.svg", "currency": "Czech koruna" }, { "name": "Denmark", "capital": "Copenhagen", "languages": [ "Danish" ], "population": 5717014, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/dnk.svg", "currency": "Danish krone" }, { "name": "Djibouti", "capital": "Djibouti", "languages": [ "French", "Arabic" ], "population": 900000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/dji.svg", "currency": "Djiboutian franc" }, { "name": "Dominica", "capital": "Roseau", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 71293, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/dma.svg", "currency": "East Caribbean dollar" }, { "name": "Dominican Republic", "capital": "Santo Domingo", "languages": [ "Spanish" ], "population": 10075045, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/dom.svg", "currency": "Dominican peso" }, { "name": "Ecuador", "capital": "Quito", "languages": [ "Spanish" ], "population": 16545799, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ecu.svg", "currency": "United States dollar" }, { "name": "Egypt", "capital": "Cairo", "languages": [ "Arabic" ], "population": 91290000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/egy.svg", "currency": "Egyptian pound" }, { "name": "El Salvador", "capital": "San Salvador", 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Grenadines", "capital": "Kingstown", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 109991, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/vct.svg", "currency": "East Caribbean dollar" }, { "name": "Samoa", "capital": "Apia", "languages": [ "Samoan", "English" ], "population": 194899, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/wsm.svg", "currency": "Samoan tālā" }, { "name": "San Marino", "capital": "City of San Marino", "languages": [ "Italian" ], "population": 33005, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/smr.svg", "currency": "Euro" }, { "name": "Sao Tome and Principe", "capital": "São Tomé", "languages": [ "Portuguese" ], "population": 187356, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/stp.svg", "currency": "São Tomé and Príncipe dobra" }, { "name": "Saudi Arabia", "capital": "Riyadh", "languages": [ "Arabic" ], "population": 32248200, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/sau.svg", "currency": "Saudi riyal" }, { "name": "Senegal", "capital": "Dakar", "languages": [ "French" ], "population": 14799859, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/sen.svg", "currency": "West African CFA franc" }, { "name": "Serbia", "capital": "Belgrade", "languages": [ "Serbian" ], "population": 7076372, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/srb.svg", "currency": "Serbian dinar" }, { "name": "Seychelles", "capital": "Victoria", "languages": [ "French", "English" ], "population": 91400,"flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/syc.svg", "currency": "Seychellois rupee" }, { "name": "Sierra Leone", "capital": "Freetown", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 7075641, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/sle.svg", "currency": "Sierra Leonean leone" }, { "name": "Singapore", "capital": "Singapore", "languages": [ "English", "Malay", "Tamil", "Chinese" ], "population": 5535000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/sgp.svg", "currency": "Brunei dollar" }, { "name": "Sint Maarten (Dutch part)", "capital": "Philipsburg", "languages": [ "Dutch", "English" ], "population": 38247, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/sxm.svg", "currency": "Netherlands Antillean guilder" }, { "name": "Slovakia", "capital": "Bratislava", "languages": [ "Slovak" ], "population": 5426252, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/svk.svg", "currency": "Euro" }, { "name": "Slovenia", "capital": "Ljubljana", "languages": [ "Slovene" ], "population": 2064188, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/svn.svg", "currency": "Euro" }, { "name": "Solomon Islands", "capital": "Honiara", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 642000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/slb.svg", "currency": "Solomon Islands dollar" }, { "name": "Somalia", "capital": "Mogadishu", "languages": [ "Somali", "Arabic" ], "population": 11079000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/som.svg", "currency": "Somali shilling" }, { "name": "South Africa", "capital": "Pretoria", "languages": [ "Afrikaans", "English", "Southern Ndebele", "Southern Sotho", "Swati", "Tswana", "Tsonga", "Venda", "Xhosa", "Zulu" ], "population": 55653654, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/zaf.svg", "currency": "South African rand" }, { "name": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands", "capital": "King Edward Point", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 30, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/sgs.svg", "currency": "British pound" }, { "name": "Korea (Republic of)", "capital": "Seoul", "languages": [ "Korean" ], "population": 50801405, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/kor.svg", "currency": "South Korean won" }, { "name": "South Sudan", "capital": "Juba", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 12131000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ssd.svg", "currency": "South Sudanese pound" }, { "name": "Spain", "capital": "Madrid", "languages": [ "Spanish" ], "population": 46438422, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/esp.svg", "currency": "Euro" }, { "name": "Sri Lanka", "capital": "Colombo", "languages": [ "Sinhalese", "Tamil" ], "population": 20966000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/lka.svg", "currency": "Sri Lankan rupee"}, { "name": "Sudan", "capital": "Khartoum", "languages": [ "Arabic", "English" ], "population": 39598700, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/sdn.svg", "currency": "Sudanese pound" }, { "name": "Suriname", "capital": "Paramaribo", "languages": [ "Dutch" ], "population": 541638, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/sur.svg", "currency": "Surinamese dollar" }, { "name": "Svalbard and Jan Mayen", "capital": "Longyearbyen", "languages": [ "Norwegian" ], "population": 2562, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/sjm.svg", "currency": "Norwegian krone" }, { "name": "Swaziland", "capital": "Lobamba", "languages": [ "English", "Swati" ], "population": 1132657, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/swz.svg", "currency": "Swazi lilangeni" }, { "name": "Sweden", "capital": "Stockholm", "languages": [ "Swedish" ], "population": 9894888, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/swe.svg", "currency": "Swedish krona" }, { "name": "Switzerland", "capital": "Bern", "languages": [ "German", "French", "Italian" ], "population": 8341600, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/che.svg", "currency": "Swiss franc" }, { "name": "Syrian Arab Republic", "capital": "Damascus", "languages": [ "Arabic" ], "population": 18564000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/syr.svg", "currency": "Syrian pound" }, { "name": "Taiwan", "capital": "Taipei", "languages": [ "Chinese" ], "population": 23503349, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/twn.svg", "currency": "New Taiwan dollar" }, { "name": "Tajikistan", "capital": "Dushanbe", "languages": [ "Tajik", "Russian" ], "population": 8593600, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tjk.svg", "currency": "Tajikistani somoni" }, { "name": "Tanzania, United Republic of", "capital": "Dodoma", "languages": [ "Swahili", "English" ], "population": 55155000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tza.svg", "currency": "Tanzanian shilling" }, { "name": "Thailand", "capital": "Bangkok", "languages": [ "Thai" ], "population": 65327652, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tha.svg", "currency": "Thai baht" }, { "name": "Timor-Leste", "capital": "Dili", "languages": [ "Portuguese" ], "population": 1167242, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tls.svg", "currency": "United States dollar" }, { "name": "Togo", "capital": "Lomé", "languages": [ "French" ], "population": 7143000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tgo.svg", "currency": "West African CFA franc" }, { "name": "Tokelau", "capital": "Fakaofo", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 1411, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tkl.svg", "currency": "New Zealand dollar" }, { "name": "Tonga", "capital": "Nuku'alofa", "languages": ["English", "Tonga (Tonga Islands)" ], "population": 103252, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ton.svg", "currency": "Tongan paʻanga" }, { "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "capital": "Port of Spain", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 1349667, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tto.svg", "currency": "Trinidad and Tobago dollar" }, { "name": "Tunisia", "capital": "Tunis", "languages": [ "Arabic" ], "population": 11154400, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tun.svg", "currency": "Tunisian dinar" }, { "name": "Turkey", "capital": "Ankara", "languages": [ "Turkish" ], "population": 78741053, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tur.svg", "currency": "Turkish lira" }, { "name": "Turkmenistan", "capital": "Ashgabat", "languages": [ "Turkmen", "Russian" ], "population": 4751120, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tkm.svg", "currency": "Turkmenistan manat" }, { "name": "Turks and Caicos Islands", "capital": "Cockburn Town", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 31458, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tca.svg", "currency": "United States dollar" }, { "name": "Tuvalu", "capital": "Funafuti", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 10640, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/tuv.svg", "currency": "Australian dollar" }, { "name": "Uganda", "capital": "Kampala", "languages": [ "English", "Swahili" ], "population": 33860700, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/uga.svg", "currency": "Ugandan shilling" }, { "name": "Ukraine", "capital": "Kiev", "languages": [ "Ukrainian" ], "population": 42692393, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ukr.svg", "currency": "Ukrainian hryvnia" }, { "name": "United Arab Emirates", "capital": "Abu Dhabi", "languages": [ "Arabic" ], "population": 9856000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/are.svg", "currency": "United Arab Emirates dirham" }, { "name": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "capital": "London", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 65110000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/gbr.svg", "currency": "British pound" }, { "name": "United States of America", "capital": "Washington, D.C.", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 323947000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/usa.svg", "currency": "United States dollar" }, { "name": "Uruguay", "capital": "Montevideo", "languages": [ "Spanish" ], "population": 3480222, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ury.svg", "currency": "Uruguayan peso" }, { "name": "Uzbekistan", "capital": "Tashkent", "languages": [ "Uzbek", "Russian" ], "population": 31576400, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/uzb.svg", "currency": "Uzbekistani so'm" }, { "name": "Vanuatu", "capital": "Port Vila", "languages": ["Bislama", "English", "French" ], "population": 277500, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/vut.svg", "currency": "Vanuatu vatu" }, { "name": "Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)", "capital": "Caracas", "languages": [ "Spanish" ], "population": 31028700, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ven.svg", "currency": "Venezuelan bolívar" }, { "name": "Viet Nam", "capital": "Hanoi", "languages": [ "Vietnamese" ], "population": 92700000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/vnm.svg", "currency": "Vietnamese đồng" }, { "name": "Wallis and Futuna", "capital": "Mata-Utu", "languages": [ "French" ], "population": 11750, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/wlf.svg", "currency": "CFP franc" }, { "name": "Western Sahara", "capital": "El Aaiún", "languages": [ "Spanish" ], "population": 510713, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/esh.svg", "currency": "Moroccan dirham" }, { "name": "Yemen", "capital": "Sana'a", "languages": [ "Arabic" ], "population": 27478000, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/yem.svg", "currency": "Yemeni rial" }, { "name": "Zambia", "capital": "Lusaka", "languages": [ "English" ], "population": 15933883, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/zmb.svg", "currency": "Zambian kwacha" }, { "name": "Zimbabwe", "capital": "Harare", "languages": [ "English", "Shona", "Northern Ndebele" ], "population": 14240168, "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/zwe.svg", "currency": "Botswana pula" }]
total_languages_initial = []
for i in countries_data:
    total_languages_initial.extend(i["languages"])
print('Languages is  ', len(set(total_languages_initial)))
counts = {}
for i in total_languages_initial:
    counts[i] = counts.get(i, 0) + 1
def sort_dict_by_value(d, reverse=False):
    return dict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=reverse))


counts = sort_dict_by_value(counts, True)
for i in list(counts.items())[:20]:
    print(i)
populations = {}
for i in countries_data:
    populations[i["name"]] = i["population"]
populations = sort_dict_by_value(populations, True)
for i in list(populations.items())[:20]:
    print(i)
print()

